{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:30:10Z","timestamp":1767180610868,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010777","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000}}],"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000862","name":"Sir Halley Stewart Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"John Henry Memorial Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human infection with the intestinal nematode\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is persistent unless effectively treated, and potentially fatal in immunosuppressed individuals. Epidemiological data are lacking, partially due to inadequate diagnosis. A rapid antigen detection test is a priority for population surveillance, validating cure after treatment, and for screening prior to immunosuppression. We used a targeted analysis of open access \u2018omics\u2019 data sets and used online predictors to identify\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteins that are predicted to be present in infected stool,\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific, and antigenic. Transcriptomic data from gut and non-gut dwelling life cycle stages of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    revealed 328 proteins that are differentially expressed.\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteomic data for excreted and secreted (E\/S) proteins were matched to\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , giving 1,057 orthologues. Five parasitism-associated protein families (SCP\/TAPS, prolyl oligopeptidase, transthyretin-like, aspartic peptidase, acetylcholinesterase) were compared phylogenetically between\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and outgroups, and proteins with least homology to the outgroups were selected. Proteins that overlapped between the transcriptomic and proteomic datasets were analysed by multiple sequence alignment, epitope prediction and 3D structure modelling to reveal\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    candidate peptide\/protein coproantigens. We describe 22 candidates from seven genes, across all five protein families for further investigation as potential S.\n                    <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    diagnostic coproantigens, identified using open access data and freely-available protein analysis tools. This powerful approach can be applied to many parasitic infections with \u2018omic\u2019 data to accelerate development of specific diagnostic assays for laboratory or point-of-care field application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T13:38:29Z","timestamp":1681738709000},"page":"e0010777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A comparative \u2018omics\u2019 approach for prediction of candidate Strongyloides stercoralis diagnostic coproantigens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-9807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tegwen","family":"Marlais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5412-287X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack","family":"Bickford-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Talavera-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0010777.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2288","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002288","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis: global distribution and risk factors.","volume":"7","author":"F Sch\u00e4r","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0010777.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2604-8","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm co-infection: spatial distribution and determinants in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia.","volume":"11","author":"A Forrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"31","key":"pntd.0010777.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.31.30310","article-title":"Epidemiology of Strongyloides stercoralis in northern Italy: results of a multicentre case-control study, February 2013 to July 2014.","volume":"21","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0010777.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1292","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001292","article-title":"Diagnosis, clinical features, and self-reported morbidity of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm infection in a co-endemic setting.","volume":"5","author":"SL Becker","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0010777.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2018.38.4104","article-title":"Association between urticaria and nematode infections","volume":"39","author":"PL Minciullo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010777.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1509.090191","article-title":"Reemergence of strongyloidiasis, northern Italy","volume":"15","author":"FF Abrescia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0010777.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90049-3","article-title":"Humoral responses in human strongyloidiasis: correlations with infection chronicity","volume":"91","author":"NS Atkins","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0010777.ref008","first-page":"cix1069","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis outside endemic areas: long-term parasitological and clinical follow-up after ivermectin treatment","author":"SA Repetto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010777.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-78","article-title":"Severe strongyloidiasis: a systematic review of case reports.","volume":"13","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010777.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihu058","article-title":"Management of Strongyloides stercoralis: a puzzling parasite.","volume":"6","author":"V Luvira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Health."},{"key":"pntd.0010777.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/28542","article-title":"Hyperinfection syndrome in strongyloidiasis","author":"R. 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