{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:39:17Z","timestamp":1790476757149,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010780","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,4]],"date-time":"2022-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664841600000}}],"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan","award":["MOHW105-CDC-C-315-123115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW105-CDC-C-315-123115"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> is the major vector of dengue that threatens public health in tropical and subtropical regions. Pyrethroid-based control strategies effectively control this vector, but the repeated usage of the same insecticides leads to resistance and hampers control efforts. Therefore, efficient and prompt monitoring of insecticide resistance in local mosquito populations is critical for dengue control.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal finding<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We collected <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> in southern Taiwan in March and October 2016. We analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (<jats:italic>vgsc<\/jats:italic>) genotypes of parentals (G0) and G1 adults after cypermethrin insecticide bioassay. Our results showed that four VGSC mutations (S989P, V1016G, F1534C, and D1763Y) associated with resistance were commonly detected in field-collected <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic>. The frequencies of these four mutations in the local mosquito population were significantly higher in October (0.29, 0.4, 0.27 and 0.11) than in March (0.09, 0.16, 0.18 and 0.03). Specific <jats:italic>vgsc<\/jats:italic> combined genotypes composed of the one to four such mutations (S<jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline>F<jats:underline>Y<\/jats:underline>\/S<jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline>F<jats:underline>Y<\/jats:underline>, SV<jats:underline>C<\/jats:underline>D\/SV<jats:underline>C<\/jats:underline>D, S<jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline>F<jats:underline>Y<\/jats:underline>\/<jats:underline>PG<\/jats:underline>FD, SV<jats:underline>C<\/jats:underline>D\/S<jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline>F<jats:underline>Y<\/jats:underline>, <jats:underline>PG<\/jats:underline>FD\/<jats:underline>PG<\/jats:underline>FD, and SV<jats:underline>C<\/jats:underline>D\/<jats:underline>PG<\/jats:underline>FD) shifted towards higher frequencies in October, implying their resistance role. In addition, the cypermethrin exposure bioassay data supported the field observations. Moreover, our study observed an association between the resistance level and the proportion of resistance genotypes in the population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first study to demonstrate the role of four-locus <jats:italic>vgsc<\/jats:italic> genotypes in resistance evaluation in a local <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> population in Taiwan. This alternative method using resistance-associated genotypes as an indicator of practically insecticide resistance monitoring is a useful tool for providing precise and real-time information for decision makers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T18:30:30Z","timestamp":1663871430000},"page":"e0010780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The role of voltage-gated sodium channel genotypes in pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti in 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