{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:47:27Z","timestamp":1792788447569,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010798","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000}}],"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Minciencias Colombia","award":["727-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["727-2015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008679","name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCS 02-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCS 02-16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008679","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cytokines and chemokines are immune response molecules that display diverse functions, such as inflammation and immune regulation. In\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections, the uncontrolled production of these molecules is thought to contribute to pathogenesis and has been proposed as a possible predictor for disease complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytokine profile of\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria patients with different clinical outcomes to identify possible immune biomarkers for severe\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria. The study included patients with non-severe (n = 56), or severe (n = 50)\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria and healthy controls (n = 50). Patient plasma concentrations of IL-4, IL-2, CXCL10, IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, CCL2, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-\u03b3, IL-12p70, CXCL8 and active TGF-\u03b21 were determined through flow cytometry. The levels of several cytokines and chemokines, CXCL10, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, CCL2 and IFN-\u03b3 were found to be significantly higher in severe, compared to non-severe\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria patients. Severe thrombocytopenia was positively correlated with IL-4, CXCL10, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-\u03b3 levels, renal dysfunction was related to an increase in IL-2, IL-1\u03b2, IL-17A and IL-8, and hepatic impairment with CXCL10, MCP-1, IL-6 and IFN-\u03b3. A Lasso regression model suggests that IL-4, IL-10, CCL2 and TGF-\u03b2 might be developed as biomarkers for severity in\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria. Severe\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    malaria patients present specific cytokine and chemokine profiles that are different from non-severe patients and that could potentially be developed as biomarkers for disease severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T13:57:00Z","timestamp":1664546220000},"page":"e0010798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["IL-4, IL-10, CCL2 and TGF-\u03b2 as potential biomarkers for severity in Plasmodium vivax malaria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9964-6351","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Catalina","family":"Tovar 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