{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T04:16:31Z","timestamp":1792124191185,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010900","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000}}],"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["NTDSC 140D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTDSC 140D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One challenge to achieving Lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination is the persistent coverage-compliance gap during annual mass drug administration (MDA) and the risk of ongoing transmission among never treated individuals. Our analysis examined factors associated with individuals who were never treated during MDA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Data were derived from two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Waihaong and Air Salobar Health Center in 2018 and 2019. We analyzed information from 1915 respondents aged 18 years or above. The study outcome was individuals who self-reported never treatment during any round of MDA. All potential predictors were grouped into socio-demographic, health system, therapy and individual factors. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with never treatment in any year of MDA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nearly half (42%) of respondents self-reported they were never treated during any round of MDA. Factors associated with increased odds of never treatment were respondents working in formal sectors (aOR = 1.75, <jats:italic>p = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>040<\/jats:italic>), living in the catchment area of Waihaong Health Center (aOR = 2.33, <jats:italic>p = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>029<\/jats:italic>), and those perceiving the possibility of adverse events after swallowing LF drugs (aOR = 2.86, <jats:italic>p&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>001<\/jats:italic>). Respondents reporting difficulty swallowing all the drugs (aOR = 3.12, <jats:italic>p&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>001<\/jats:italic>) and having difficulties remembering the time to swallow the drugs (aOR = 1.53, <jats:italic>p = 0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>049<\/jats:italic>) also had an increased odds of never treatment. The highest odds of never treatment were associated with respondents reporting almost none of their family members took LF drugs (aOR = 3.93, <jats:italic>p&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>001<\/jats:italic>). Respondents confident that they knew how to swallow LF drugs had a reduced odds (aOR = 0.26, <jats:italic>p&lt;0<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>001<\/jats:italic>) of never treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Efforts to reassure community members about adverse events, specific instructions on how to take LF drugs, and improving awareness that MDA participation is part of one\u2019s contribution to promoting community health are essential drivers for uptake with LF drugs during MDA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T18:30:10Z","timestamp":1668191410000},"page":"e0010900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessment of factors related to individuals who were never treated during mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Ambon City, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3023-003X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christiana Rialine","family":"Titaley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Worrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwan","family":"Ariawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuniasih M. J.","family":"Taihuttu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filda","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sazia F.","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertha J.","family":"Que","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Krentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010900.ref001","volume-title":"Lymphatic Filariasis: A handbook of practical entomology for national lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"issue":"96","key":"pntd.0010900.ref002","first-page":"497","volume":"41","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","journal-title":"Weekly epidemiological record: Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2020."},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010900.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1108","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30323-5","article-title":"Progress towards global elimination of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"8","author":"J Kamgno","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010900.ref004","first-page":"e1186","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases Collaborators. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000\u201318: a geospatial analysis","volume":"8","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health. 2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0010900.ref005","first-page":"862","article-title":"Participation in three consecutive mass drug administrations in Leogane, Haiti. 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Parasites & Vectors."},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0010900.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru057","article-title":"Coverage of, and compliance with, mass drug administration under the programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in India: a systematic review.","volume":"108","author":"BV Babu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0010900.ref017","article-title":"Eliminating neglected tropical diseases in urban areas: A review of challenges, strategies and research directions for successful mass drug administration","volume":"3","author":"AM Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010900.ref018","volume-title":"The coverage of mass drug administration of Lymphatic Filariasis in Ambon City, 2015.","author":"Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"pntd.0010900.ref019","unstructured":"Titaley CR, Dahoklory H, Kerjapy SL. Factors associated with community\u2019s non-compliance with taking Lymphatic Filariasis drugs in Ambon City, Maluku Province. 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