{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:37:20Z","timestamp":1790815040496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KA1617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001713","name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRIA2014-308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRIA2014-308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is common among people with epilepsy in low-resource settings. Prevalence of NCC and radiological characteristics of patients with NCC vary considerably even within small areas but differences have been poorly characterized so far.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study between August 2018 and April 2020 in three district hospitals in southern Tanzania (Ifisi, Tukuyu and Vwawa). Patients with and without epileptic seizures were included in this study. All patients were tested with a novel antibody-detecting point-of-care test for the diagnosis of <jats:italic>Taenia solium<\/jats:italic> cysticercosis. All test positives and a subset of test negatives had a further clinical work-up including medical examination and computed tomography of the brain. NCC was defined according to the Del Brutto criteria. We assessed epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with NCC by presence of epileptic seizures and by serology status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In all three district hospitals, more than 30% of all people with epileptic seizures (PWE) had NCC lesions in their brain (38% in Vwawa, 32% in Tukuyu and 31% in Ifisi). Most PWE with NCC had multiple lesions and mostly parenchymal lesions (at least 85%). If patients were serologically positive, they had in the median more lesions than serologically negative patients (15 [interquartile range 8\u201329] versus 5 [1.8\u201311]), and only serologically positive patients had active stage lesions. Furthermore, serologically positive PWE had more lesions than serologically positive people without epileptic seizures (10.5 [7\u201323]), and more often had active lesions. PWE diagnosed with NCC (n = 53) were older, and more commonly had focal onset seizures (68% versus 44%, p = 0.03) and headache episodes (34% versus 14%, p = 0.06), which were also stronger than in PWE without NCC (p = 0.04).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>NCC is common among PWE. A combination of clinical and serological factors could help to establish an algorithm to identify patients potentially suffering from active NCC, who benefit from further clinical investigation including neuroimaging.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T18:52:09Z","timestamp":1669661529000},"page":"e0010911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of people with neurocysticercosis in Tanzania\u2013A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-2818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dominik","family":"Stelzle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Makasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara M.","family":"Welte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Ruether","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Zulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabemba E.","family":"Mwape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bottieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gabri\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Ngowi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the SOLID collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref001","first-page":"77","article-title":"Taeniasis and cysticercosis due to Taenia solium","volume":"4","author":"A Flisser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Clin Parasitol."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2010.01.005","article-title":"Clinical heterogeneity of human neurocysticercosis results from complex interactions among parasite, host and environmental factors","volume":"104","author":"A Fleury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref003","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: a retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe.","author":"D Stelzle","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Travel Med."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2020.01.005","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis in people with epilepsy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and strength of association.","volume":"76","author":"LF Owolabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Seizure."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01867.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in rural Tanzania-An imaging study","volume":"50","author":"AS Winkler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010675","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010675","article-title":"Community-level prevalence of epilepsy and of neurocysticercosis among people with epilepsy in the Balaka district of Malawi: A cross-sectional study.","volume":"16","author":"L Keller","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005646","article-title":"Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: Demographic, clinicoradiological, and inflammatory features.","volume":"11","author":"M Marcin Sierra","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref008","journal-title":"WHO. WHO guidelines on management of Taenia solium neurocysticercosis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1084","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis: 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH).","volume":"66","author":"AC, JR White","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.07.003","article-title":"Could Differences in Infection Pressure Be Involved in Cysticercosis Heterogeneity","volume":"36","author":"PT Hamamoto Filho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001185","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of people with epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Tanzania: clinical characteristics and diagnostic approaches.","volume":"5","author":"J Blocher","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007751","article-title":"Taenia solium cysticercosis and taeniasis in urban settings: Epidemiological evidence from a health-center based study among people with epilepsy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.","volume":"13","author":"V Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010870","article-title":"Characteristics of people with epilepsy and Neurocysticercosis in three eastern African countries\u2013A pooled analysis.","volume":"16","author":"D Stelzle","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00024-X","article-title":"Multiple genotypes of Taenia solium\u2014ramifications for diagnosis, treatment and control.","volume":"87","author":"A Ito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"pntd.0010911.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2005.11.019","article-title":"Genetic variation in Taenia solium","volume":"55","author":"G Campbell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002001725","article-title":"A phylogenetic hypothesis for the distribution of two genotypes of the pig tapeworm Taenia solium worldwide","volume":"124","author":"M Nakao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref017","article-title":"Trial Design of a Prospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study of a Point-of-Care Test for the Detection of Taenia solium Taeniosis and Neurocysticercosis in Hospital-Based Settings in Tanzania.","volume":"11","author":"C Trevisan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.11.045","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neurocysticercosis","volume":"372","author":"OH Del Brutto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref019","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Cysticercosis of the central nervous system.","author":"A. Escobar","year":"1983"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"RS Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02543-9","article-title":"Endemicity of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs from Mbeya Rural and Mbozi districts, Tanzania.","volume":"16","author":"ML Kabululu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04589-6","article-title":"The survival and dispersal of Taenia eggs in the environment: what are the implications for transmission? A systematic review.","volume":"14","author":"F Jansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000047","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of prevalence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management.","volume":"106","author":"AS Winkler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2018.06.011","article-title":"Clinical topography relationship in patients with parenchymal neurocysticercosis and seizures","volume":"145","author":"KR Duque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70094-8","article-title":"Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis","volume":"13","author":"HH Garcia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref026","first-page":"357","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol. 2019"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00276","article-title":"Clinical Application of Epilepsy Genetics in Africa: Is Now the Time.","volume":"9","author":"AI Esterhuizen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref028","first-page":"186","article-title":"Epilepsy treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: closing the gap.","volume":"12","author":"JH Chin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000895","article-title":"Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"PB James","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02813-z","article-title":"Characteristics of people with epilepsy in three Eastern African countries\u2014a pooled analysis.","volume":"22","author":"D Stelzle","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref031","first-page":"49","article-title":"The epilepsy treatment gap in rural Tanzania: A community-based study in adults.","volume":"36","author":"E Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Seizure.Epub 2016"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01693.x","article-title":"The epilepsy treatment gap in developing countries: a systematic review of the magnitude, causes, and intervention strategies","volume":"49","author":"CK Mbuba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"pntd.0010911.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0310","article-title":"Calcified Neurocysticercosis and Headache in an Endemic Village: A Case-Control Study Nested to a Population-Based Cohort.","volume":"99","author":"OH Del Brutto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010911","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T18:52:40Z","timestamp":1669661560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010911"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]}}}