{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:07:29Z","timestamp":1775009249801,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010950","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000}}],"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-0356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-0356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-1969"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1969"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in chronic brucellosis. <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic>) is an intracellular pathogen that survives inside these cells. On the other hand, macrophages could be differentiated into classical (M1), alternative (M2) or other less-identified profiles. We have previously shown that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA (a bacterial viability-associated PAMP or <jats:italic>vita<\/jats:italic>-PAMP) is a key molecule by which <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> can evade the host immune response. However, we did not know if macrophages could be polarized by this <jats:italic>vita<\/jats:italic>-PAMP. To assess this, we used two different approaches: we evaluated if <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic> was able to differentiate macrophages to M1 or M2 or, given that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> survives inside macrophages once a Th1 response is established (<jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>e<\/jats:italic>., in the presence of IFN-\u03b3), we also analysed if <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA could interfere with M1 polarization. We found that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA alone does not polarize to M1 or M2 but activates human macrophages instead. However, our results show that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA does interfere with M1 polarization while they are being differentiated. This <jats:italic>vita<\/jats:italic>-PAMP diminished the M1-induced CD64, and MHC-II surface expression on macrophages at 48 h. This phenomenon was not associated with an alternative activation of these cells (M2), as shown by unchanged CD206, DC-SIGN and CD163 surface expression. When evaluating glucose metabolism, we found that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA did not modify M1 glucose consumption or lactate production. However, production of Nitrogen Reactive Species (NRS) did diminish in <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA-treated M1 macrophages. Overall, our results show that <jats:italic>Ba<\/jats:italic> RNA could alter the proper immune response set to counterattack the bacteria that could persist in the host establishing a chronic infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T18:58:03Z","timestamp":1669661883000},"page":"e0010950","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Brucella abortus RNA does not polarize macrophages to a particular profile but interferes with M1 polarization"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Agustina","family":"Serafino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Marin Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariano","family":"Maio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldana","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Genoula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis A.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Birnberg Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Pittaluga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Balboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4940-4263","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paula","family":"Barrionuevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7891-5169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. 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