{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:11:07Z","timestamp":1790698267648,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010954","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670284800000}}],"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Fifth Round of Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai","award":["GWV-10.1-XK13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWV-10.1-XK13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Arginine kinase (AK) is one of the crucial enzymes involved in energy metabolism in invertebrates, and has been proposed as the target for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control of agricultural insect pests. While there is only one AK gene in most insects, two AK genes were identified in <jats:italic>Culex pipiens pallens<\/jats:italic>, the primary vector of lymphatic filariasis and epidemic encephalitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The full-length cDNA sequences of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> genes were obtained by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The expression levels of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> in different developmental stages and tissues were detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The role of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> in the reproduction and blood feeding behavior was analyzed using RNA interference (RNAi).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Full-length cDNAs of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> were isolated from <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pipiens pallens<\/jats:italic>. Analysis of the expression pattern revealed that the mRNA level of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher than <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> in all development stages and tissues examined, and the expressions of both <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> were upregulated in response to blood feeding. The co-knockdown of <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> mediated by RNAi led to high mortality (74.3%) of adult female mosquitoes and decreased hatchability (59.9%). Remarkably, the blood feeding rate and the engorgement rate of the female mosquitoes were negatively affected by co-injection of dsRNAs targeting <jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>CpAK1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CpAK2<\/jats:italic> were detected in all developmental stages and tissues, but showed divergence in expression level. RNAi-mediated knockdown of AK genes leads to high mortality and negatively affect blood-feeding behavior of <jats:italic>Cx<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pipiens pallens<\/jats:italic>, suggesting that <jats:italic>AK<\/jats:italic> could be used for the target of RNAi-based mosquito control in the future.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T18:33:21Z","timestamp":1669142001000},"page":"e0010954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["RNAi-mediated knockdown of arginine kinase genes leads to high mortality and negatively affect reproduction and blood-feeding behavior of Culex pipiens pallens"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Kun","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangkun","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9113-7894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianjun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0010954.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-020828","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions","volume":"60","author":"N. 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