{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:43:00Z","timestamp":1790127780854,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Few data exist on the distinct cytokine profiles of individuals with malaria coinfections and other diseases. This study focuses on data collation of distinct cytokine profiles between individuals with malaria coinfections and monoinfections to provide evidence for further diagnostic or prognostic studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We searched five medical databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and Scopus, for articles on cytokines in malaria coinfections published from January 1, 1983 to May 3, 2022, after which the distinct cytokine patterns between malaria coinfection and monoinfection were illustrated in heat maps.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Preliminary searches identified 2127 articles, of which 34 were included in the systematic review. Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections with bacteremia; HIV; HBV; dengue; filariasis; intestinal parasites; and schistosomiasis were tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, IFN-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra), IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17; TNF, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL11, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); TNF, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, CCL2; IFN-\u03b3, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, G-CSF; IL-1Ra, IL-10, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL10; TNF, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10; and TNF, IFN-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, transforming growth factor-\u03b2, CXCL8, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This systematic review provides information on distinct cytokine profiles of malaria coinfections and malaria monoinfections. Further studies should investigate whether specific cytokines for each coinfection type could serve as essential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for malaria coinfections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T19:37:31Z","timestamp":1675107451000},"page":"e0011061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Distinct cytokine profiles in malaria coinfections: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-3615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manas","family":"Kotepui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanida","family":"Mala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pattamaporn","family":"Kwankaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwuntida Uthaisar","family":"Kotepui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick Ramirez","family":"Masangkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polrat","family":"Wilairatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011061.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6409","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85398-w","article-title":"Comparison of Plasmodium ovale curtisi and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri infections by a meta-analysis approach.","volume":"11","author":"A Mahittikorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"pntd.0011061.ref002","volume-title":"World malaria report 2022.","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"pntd.0011061.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-11-29","article-title":"The complexities of malaria disease manifestations with a focus on asymptomatic malaria.","volume":"11","author":"DD Laishram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011061.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00344-4","article-title":"The immune response to Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"2","author":"L Malaguarnera","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011061.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02174.x","article-title":"The war between the malaria parasite and the immune system: immunity, immunoregulation and immunopathology","volume":"133","author":"K Artavanis-Tsakonas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0011061.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2006.00775.x","article-title":"Regulating immunity to malaria","volume":"28","author":"EM Riley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasite immunol"},{"key":"pntd.0011061.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000358622","article-title":"T cell subpopulations","volume":"100","author":"S. 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