{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:30:19Z","timestamp":1791581419585,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vicerrector\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Creaci\u00f3n, Universidad de los Andes, Colombia","award":["INV-2020-105-2030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-2020-105-2030"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009543","name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PPTA 7996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPTA 7996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020367","name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n de Recursos Biol\u00f3gicos Alexander von Humboldt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHINX grant no. ANR-16-CE02-0011-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHINX grant no. ANR-16-CE02-0011-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"French Foundation of Research on Biodiversity","award":["ACTIAS project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACTIAS project"]}]},{"name":"CESAB synthesis centre","award":["ACTIAS project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ACTIAS project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Caterpillars of the Neotropical genus\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) are responsible for some fatal envenomation of humans in South America inducing hemostatic disturbances in patients upon skin contact with the caterpillars\u2019 spines. Currently, only two species have been reported to cause hemorrhagic syndromes in humans:\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia achelous<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia obliqua<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, species identifications have remained largely unchallenged despite improved knowledge of venom diversity and growing evidence that the taxonomy used over past decades misrepresents and underestimates species diversity. Here, we revisit the taxonomic diversity and distribution of\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia species<\/jats:italic>\n                    using the most extensive dataset assembled to date, combining DNA barcodes, morphological comparisons, and geographical information. Considering new evidence for seven undescribed species as well as three newly proposed nomenclatural changes, our integrative approach leads to the recognition of 60 species, of which seven are known or strongly suspected to cause severe envenomation in humans. From a newly compiled synthesis of epidemiological data, we also examine the consequences of our results for understanding\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic>\n                    envenomation risks and call for further investigations of other species\u2019 venom activities. This is required and necessary to improve alertness in areas at risk, and to define adequate treatment strategies for envenomed patients, including performing species identification and assessing the efficacy of anti-\n                    <jats:italic>Lonomia<\/jats:italic>\n                    serums against a broader diversity of species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T13:22:34Z","timestamp":1677158554000},"page":"e0011063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Deadly and venomous Lonomia caterpillars are more than the two usual suspects"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-4056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Camila","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Ballesteros-Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"D\u00edaz-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana M.","family":"Toro-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela R.","family":"Amarillo-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Gey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cielo","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Tovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazario","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz Stella","family":"Buitrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto H.","family":"Pinto-Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida S.","family":"Sano Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaud","family":"Deca\u00ebns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mailyn A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Kitching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolphe","family":"Rougerie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011063.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2016.06.008","article-title":"The urticating apparatus in the caterpillar of Lonomia obliqua (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).","volume":"119","author":"DD Spadacci-Morena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011063.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2005.09.012","article-title":"Acute renal failure provoked by toxin from caterpillars of the species Lonomia obliqua","volume":"47","author":"GP 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