{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:44:57Z","timestamp":1782481497732,"version":"3.54.5"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by an intracellular protozoan, <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>. It is usually asymptomatic, but toxoplasmosis acquired during pregnancy can cause congenital toxoplasmosis, potentially resulting in fetal damage. Epidemiological information is lacking for toxoplasmosis in Mayotte (a French overseas territory). We evaluated (1) the prevalence of maternal toxoplasmosis, (2) the incidence of maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis, and (3) the management of congenital toxoplasmosis in Mayotte.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology \/ Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We collected all the available data for toxoplasmosis serological screening during pregnancy and maternal and congenital cases of toxoplasmosis obtained between January 2017 and August 2019 at the central public laboratory of Mayotte (Mamoudzou). Using toxoplasmosis serological data from samples collected from 16,952 pregnant women we estimated the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Mayotte at 67.19%. Minimum maternal toxoplasmosis incidence was estimated at 0.29% (49\/16,952, 95% CI (0.0022\u20130.0038)), based on confirmed cases of maternal primary infection only. The estimated incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was 0.09% (16\/16,952, 95% CI (0.0005\u20130.0015). Missing data made it difficult to evaluate management, but follow-up was better for mothers with confirmed primary infection and their infants.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions \/ Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women and the incidence of toxoplasmosis are higher in Mayotte than in mainland France. There is a need to improve the antenatal toxoplasmosis screening and prevention programme, providing better information to physicians and the population, to improve management and epidemiological monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T17:29:13Z","timestamp":1679333353000},"page":"e0011198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal and congenital toxoplasmosis in Mayotte: Prevalence, incidence and management"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7707-9851","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laure","family":"Kamus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Belec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Lambrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumeth","family":"Abasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Combe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Emmanuel","family":"Bonnave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Vauloup-Fellous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011198.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.58","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis in the fetus and newborn: an update on prevalence, diagnosis and treatment.","volume":"10","author":"PA Moncada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref002","author":"Association fran\u00e7aise des enseignants de p.","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9425","key":"pntd.0011198.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis.","volume":"363","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011198.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200105000-00025","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis: A review.","volume":"56","author":"JL Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"9556","key":"pntd.0011198.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60072-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: A meta-analysis of individual patients\u2019 data","volume":"369","author":"R Thi\u00e9baut","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011198.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit032","article-title":"Congenital Toxoplasma infection: monthly prenatal screening decreases transmission rate and improves clinical outcome at Aage 3 years","volume":"56","author":"M Wallon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011198.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318123e8d3","article-title":"Value of Toxoplasma gondii detection in one hundred thirty-three placentas for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.","volume":"26","author":"H Fricker-Hidalgo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref008","article-title":"Toxoplasmose pendant la grossesse: Proposition actuelle de prise en charge pratique.","author":"L Mandelbrot","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gyn\u00e9cologie Obst\u00e9trique Fertilit\u00e9 & S\u00e9nologie"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref009","author":"Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9 HAS","year":"2017"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref010","article-title":"Decree 92\u2013143 on mandatory premarital and postnatal examinations.","author":"Journal Officiel de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise.","year":"1992"},{"issue":"25","key":"pntd.0011198.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.25.19600-en","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis in France in 2007: First results from a national surveillance system.","volume":"15","author":"I Villena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref012","author":"Toxoplasmose Cndrdl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rapport annuel d\u2019activit\u00e9 2020 sur l\u2019exercice de 2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011198.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101814","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis screening during pregnancy in France: Opinion of an expert panel for the CNGOF","volume":"49","author":"O Picone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref014","first-page":"431","article-title":"La toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte en France: s\u00e9ropr\u00e9valence, taux de s\u00e9roconversion et niveau de connaissance des mesures pr\u00e9ventives.","volume":"26","author":"B Carme","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tendances 1965\u20131995. M\u00e9decine et Maladies Infectieuses"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref015","first-page":"141p","article-title":"Atlas de la d\u00e9mographie m\u00e9dicale en France: Situation au 1er janvier 2020.","author":"P Bouet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Conseil national de l\u2019ordre des m\u00e9decins,"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref016","author":"REPEMA.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Panel 2018: Indicateurs de sant\u00e9 p\u00e9rinatale \u00e0 Mayotte"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref017","author":"INSEE.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bilan d\u00e9mographique 2018 \u00e0 Mayotte\u2014Insee flash Mayotte"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011198.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.09.009","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection: Recommendations from the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis","volume":"84","author":"O Villard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref019","author":"O Villard","year":"2010","journal-title":"S\u00e9rodiagnostic de la toxoplamose en 2010: conduite \u00e0 tenir et interpr\u00e9tation en fonction des profils s\u00e9rologiques obtenus par les m\u00e9thodes de d\u00e9pistage"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"pntd.0011198.ref020","first-page":"264","article-title":"Toxoplasmose chez les femmes enceintes en France: \u00e9volution de la s\u00e9ropr\u00e9valence et des facteurs associ\u00e9s entre 1995 et 2010, \u00e0 partir des Enqu\u00eates nationales p\u00e9rinatales.","author":"TC Tourdjman M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miol Hebd."},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011198.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813002756","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women in France, 1980\u20132020: model-based estimation","volume":"142","author":"F Nogareda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref022","first-page":"2","article-title":"\u00c9tude de la pr\u00e9valence de l\u2019empreinte immunologique de la rub\u00e9ole, de la toxoplasmose, du cytom\u00e9galovirus, de l\u2019herpes et de l\u2019h\u00e9patite B chez 8594 femmes de 15 a45 ans en France en 1982\u20131983.","volume":"20","author":"L Papoz","year":"1984","journal-title":"BEH"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref023","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis, the mother and the child.","volume":"22","author":"M Martins","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Fr Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2009.03.006","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in France: Risk factors and change of prevalence between 1995 and 2003.","volume":"57","author":"F Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Revue d\u2019\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie et de Sant\u00e9 Publique."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011198.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.5.1900710","article-title":"National perinatal survey demonstrates a decreasing seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among pregnant women in France, 1995 to 2016: impact for screening policy.","volume":"26","author":"E Robinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117790","article-title":"Geo-climatic factors and prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: A meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"288","author":"A Rostami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref027","author":"INSEE","year":"2019","journal-title":"Synth\u00e8se d\u00e9mographique, sociale et \u00e9conomique."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149938","article-title":"Performance of polymerase chain reaction analysis of the amniotic fluid of pregnant women for diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"11","author":"CT de Oliveira Azevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One.PubMed Central PMCID"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.05.031","article-title":"Prenatal therapy with pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine vs spiramycin to reduce placental transmission of toxoplasmosis: a multicenter, randomized trial.","volume":"219","author":"L Mandelbrot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.20353","article-title":"Risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling: systematic review of literature and updated meta-analysis.","volume":"54","author":"LJ Salomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011198.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000200037","article-title":"Prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis infection among 41,112 pregnant women and the mother-to-child transmission rate in a public hospital in South Brazil","volume":"104","author":"IS Varella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011198.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05303-11","article-title":"Utility of immunoblotting for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis seroconversion in pregnant women","volume":"18","author":"C Jost","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"15","key":"pntd.0011198.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.15.18834-en","article-title":"Survey of European programmes for the epidemiological surveillance of congenital toxoplasmosis.","volume":"13","author":"A B\u00e9nard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.10.006","article-title":"Congenital toxoplasmosis\u2014prenatal aspects of Toxoplasma gondii infection.","volume":"21","author":"E Rorman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref035","author":"J Chapple","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antenatal screening for toxoplasmosis external review against criteria set by the UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC)"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011198.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.05.036","article-title":"No. 285-Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy: Prevention, screening, and treatment.","volume":"40","author":"C Paquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011198.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1086\/590149","article-title":"Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy","volume":"47","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011198.ref038","first-page":"165p","article-title":"Atlas de la d\u00e9mographie m\u00e9dicale en France: Situation au 1er janvier 2018.","author":"P Bouet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conseil national de l\u2019ordre des m\u00e9decins,"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680134400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,30]],"date-time":"2023-03-30T18:00:26Z","timestamp":1680199226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sarman","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011198","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]}}}