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A greater understanding of neural signaling systems that are specific to the\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria<\/jats:italic>\n                    intermediate host could lead to novel strategies for parasite or snail control. This study examined a\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    neural channel that is gated by the neuropeptide FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic>Biomphalaria glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gated sodium channel (\n                    <jats:italic>Bgl-<\/jats:italic>\n                    FaNaC) amino acid sequence was highly conserved with FaNaCs found in related gastropods, especially the planorbid\n                    <jats:italic>Planorbella trivolvis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (91% sequence identity). In common with the\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>trivolvis<\/jats:italic>\n                    FaNaC, the\n                    <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    channel exhibited a low affinity (EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    : 3 x 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) and high specificity for the FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonist. Its expression in the central nervous system, detected with immunohistochemistry and\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    hybridization, was widespread, with the protein localized mainly to neuronal fibers and the mRNA confined to cell bodies. Colocalization of the\n                    <jats:italic>Bgl-<\/jats:italic>\n                    FaNaC message with its FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonist precursor occurred in some neurons associated with male mating behavior. At the mRNA level,\n                    <jats:italic>Bgl-<\/jats:italic>\n                    FaNaC expression was decreased at 20 and 35 days post infection (dpi) by\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Increased expression of the transcript encoding the FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonist at 35 dpi was proposed to reflect a compensatory response to decreased receptor levels. Altered FMRF-NH\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    signaling could be vital for parasite proliferation in its intermediate host and may therefore present innovative opportunities for snail control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T19:28:26Z","timestamp":1687634906000},"page":"e0011249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The FMRF-NH2 gated sodium channel of Biomphalaria glabrata: Localization and expression following infection by Schistosoma mansoni"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Vicente-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda C.","family":"Torres-Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Rosa-Casillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina P.","family":"Bracho-Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola M\u00e9ndez","family":"de Jes\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine L.","family":"Behra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed R.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Nong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J. C.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1237-9631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011249.ref001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in America.","author":"JF Maldonado","year":"1967","journal-title":"Barcelona: Editorial Cientifico-Medica"},{"key":"pntd.0011249.ref002","volume-title":"Flukes and snails.","author":"CA Wright","year":"1971"},{"key":"pntd.0011249.ref003","volume-title":"Flukes and snails re-visited","author":"D Rollinson","year":"2002"},{"key":"pntd.0011249.ref004","article-title":"eds. 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