{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:54:57Z","timestamp":1767182097356,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011255","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000}}],"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002701","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KPT MATCH\/2021\/5540495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KPT MATCH\/2021\/5540495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002701","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Grantmanship - Geran Putra Berimpak","award":["UPM.RMC.800\/2\/2\/4-GPB-9702300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPM.RMC.800\/2\/2\/4-GPB-9702300"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Being a tropical country with a conducive environment for mosquitoes, mosquito-borne illnesses such as dengue, chikungunya, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, and Japanese encephalitis are prevalent in Malaysia. Recent studies reported asymptomatic infection of West Nile virus (WNV) in animals and humans, but none of the studies included mosquitoes, except for one report made half a century ago. Considering the scarcity of information, our study sampled mosquitoes near migratory bird stopover wetland areas of West Coast Malaysia located in the Kuala Gula Bird Sanctuary and Kapar Energy Venture, during the southward migration period in October 2017 and September 2018. Our previous publication reported that migratory birds were positive for WNV antibody and RNA. Using a nested RT-PCR analysis, WNV RNA was detected in 35 (12.8%) out of 285 mosquito pools consisting of 2,635 mosquitoes, most of which were\n                    <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (species). Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences grouped within lineage 2 and shared 90.12%\u201397.01% similarity with sequences found locally as well as those from Africa, Germany, Romania, Italy, and Israel. Evidence of WNV in the mosquitoes substantiates the need for continued surveillance of WNV in Malaysia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T13:53:42Z","timestamp":1680789222000},"page":"e0011255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Circulation of West Nile virus in mosquitoes approximate to the migratory bird stopover in West Coast Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jafar Ali","family":"Natasha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5217-565X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abd Rahaman","family":"Yasmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reuben Sunil Kumar","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saulol Hamid","family":"Nur-Fazila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Isa","family":"Nur-Mahiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siti Suri","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussni Omar","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiven","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih Keng","family":"Loong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd Kharip Shah","family":"Ahmad Khusaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147589","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147589","article-title":"High prevalence of West Nile virus in domestic birds and detection in 2 new mosquito species in Madagascar.","volume":"11","author":"M Maquart","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-006-0025-9","article-title":"Migrating birds as dispersal vehicles for West Nile virus.","volume":"3","author":"J Owen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecohealth."},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref003","first-page":"109","article-title":"Avian diversity and West Nile virus: testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk","volume":"273","author":"VO Ezenwa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.013","article-title":"\u201cBird biting\u201d mosquitoes and human disease: a review of the role of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes in epidemiology.","volume":"11","author":"A Farajollahi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2015.09.007","article-title":"Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: empirical evidence and human adaptation.","volume":"86","author":"X Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Int."},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245114","article-title":"Climate Change, Health and Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Trends and Implications to the Pacific Region.","volume":"16","author":"WL Filho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011255.ref007","unstructured":"General Climate in Malaysia. 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