{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:57:07Z","timestamp":1787021827082,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000}}],"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W 07.30318.009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W 07.30318.009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for elimination by 2030. Achieving disease elimination requires collaboration between stakeholders, country ownership and the involvement of community-level stakeholders. The state of stakeholder relationship determines the ease and timeliness of meeting disease elimination targets. Mapping stakeholder relationships is critical for assessing gaps in the schistosomiasis control program implementation, and providing a roadmap for improved stakeholder cohesion. The study aimed to measure the cohesiveness of the contact, collaboration and resource-sharing networks, across 2 local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a Network Representative design for Social Network Analysis (SNA). The study was conducted within Oyo state, Nigeria using 2 Local Government Areas (LGAs): Ibadan North (urban) and Akinyele (rural). Stakeholders were identified using a link-tracing approach. Data was collected using Qualtrics software from stakeholders across the state, local government, healthcare, academia, and non-governmental organizations. Data was analysed using Gephi software for network cohesion across the three networks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The social network analysis revealed high clustering and low density across the three networks implying low cohesion across multiple stakeholder categories. The contact and collaborative networks were the most active with the lowest level of cohesion seen in the resource-sharing network. Stakeholders were more active in the rural LGA than the urban, and stakeholders within the organized governance and public health system were the dominant actors in the schistosomiasis control program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The low cohesion, high clustering and low network density among stakeholders within the schistosomiasis control program should be addressed in other to drive innovation and meet the WHO schistosomiasis elimination target.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T13:39:14Z","timestamp":1680874754000},"page":"e0011266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Social Network Analysis of the Schistosomiasis control program in two local government areas in Oyo state, Nigeria: Insights for NTD elimination plans"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-4316","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adeola","family":"Onasanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"van Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opeyemi","family":"Oladunni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oladimeji","family":"Oladepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Carel","family":"Diehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref001","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals\u2013A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref002","volume-title":"Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis: Technical Report Series N\u00b0912","author":"WHO","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011266.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6030109","article-title":"Schistosomiasis with a Focus on Africa","volume":"6","author":"OP Aula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846108","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.846108","article-title":"The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game.","volume":"13","author":"P Ogongo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-020-1272-5","article-title":"Protocol for the development of guidance for stakeholder engagement in health and healthcare guideline development and implementation","volume":"9","author":"J Petkovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07016-9","article-title":"Stakeholder engagement in the health policy process in a low income country: a qualitative study of stakeholder perceptions of the challenges to effective inclusion in Malawi.","volume":"21","author":"SC Masefield","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref007","article-title":"Stakeholder Engagement: A Road Map to Meaningful Engagement","author":"J. Neil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Doughty Centre, Cranfield School of Management;"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.564381","article-title":"A Stakeholder Analysis of Schistosomiasis Diagnostic Landscape in South-West Nigeria: Insights for Diagnostics Co-creation.","volume":"8","author":"A Onasanya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011266.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006968","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006968","article-title":"How can we better integrate the prevention, treatment, control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases with other health interventions? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"GT Banda","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref010","volume-title":"On the Paradoxical Nature of Innovation Evidence from Social Networks in Frysl\u00e2n","author":"Delft University of Technology","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847979017712629","DOI":"10.1177\/1847979017712629","article-title":"Using social network analysis to identify stakeholders\u2019 influence on energy efficiency of housing","volume":"9","author":"S Zedan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Eng Bus Manag"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref012","volume-title":"Linked: How everything is connected to everything else and what it means for business, science, and everyday life","author":"AL Barabasi","year":"2003"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref013","volume-title":"Introduction to social network methods","author":"R Hanneman","year":"2005"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref014","article-title":"Combinatorial Analysis of Multiple Networks","author":"M Magnani","year":"2013","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011266.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2011-000187","article-title":"Health professional networks as a vector for improving healthcare quality and safety: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"FC Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011266.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030511","article-title":"Social Network Analysis as a Methodological Approach to Explore Health Systems: A Case Study Exploring Support among Senior Managers\/Executives in a Hospital Network.","volume":"15","author":"A De Br\u00fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011266.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e039681","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-039681","article-title":"Value of social network analysis for developing and evaluating complex healthcare interventions: a scoping review.","volume":"10","author":"LC Smit","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011266.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131712","article-title":"Social Network Analysis for Program Implementation.","volume":"10","author":"TW Valente","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011266.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41911","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041911","article-title":"Social network analysis in healthcare settings: a systematic scoping review.","volume":"7","author":"D Chambers","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00772-7","article-title":"Review of social networks of professionals in healthcare settings\u2014where are we and what else is needed?","volume":"17","author":"H Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011266.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-02992-6","article-title":"Using Social Network Analysis to Strengthen Organizational Relationships to Better Serve Expectant and Parenting Young People.","volume":"24","author":"A Purington","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011266.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czy017","article-title":"State and non-state mental health service collaboration in a South African district: a mixed methods study.","volume":"33","author":"A Janse van Rensburg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011266.ref023","first-page":"2135","article-title":"Local Dynamics of Collaboration for Maternal, Newborn and Child Health: A Social Network Analysis of Healthcare Providers and Their Managers in Gert Sibande District, South Africa.","volume":"11","author":"FK Mukinda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011266.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0251472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0251472","article-title":"Using social network analysis to examine inter-governmental relations in the implementation of the Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance programme in two South African provinces.","volume":"16","author":"IS Muthathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08958-1","article-title":"Global health systems partnerships: a mixed methods analysis of Mozambique\u2019s HPV vaccine delivery network actors.","volume":"20","author":"C Soi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2393698","article-title":"A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems.","volume":"40","author":"KG Provan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1177\/1460458217702943","article-title":"Mapping a Careflow Network to assess the connectedness of Connected Health.","volume":"25","author":"N Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Informatics J."},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011266.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0270087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270087","article-title":"Impact of network density on the efficiency of innovation networks: An agent-based simulation study.","volume":"17","author":"L Hua","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/cplx.21583","article-title":"The impact of network structure on innovation efficiency: An agent-based study in the context of innovation networks\u2014ProQuest.","volume":"21","author":"L Hua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195301014.001.0001","volume-title":"Social Networks and Health: Models, Methods, and Applications","author":"T. Valente","year":"2010"},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-08185-x","article-title":"Factors contributing to innovation readiness in health care organizations: a scoping review.","volume":"22","author":"MW van den Hoed","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"key":"pntd.0011266.ref032","volume-title":"A Roadmap for Implementation: accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011266.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-8-24","article-title":"Innovative health service delivery models in low and middle income countries\u2014what can we learn from the private sector?","volume":"8","author":"O Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011266.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2014.11.004","article-title":"Impact of human schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"19","author":"AF Adenowo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011266.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009904","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009904","article-title":"Safely resuming neglected tropical disease control activities during COVID-19: Perspectives from Nigeria and Guinea.","volume":"15","author":"S McKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011266.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10050328","article-title":"Improving Access to Diagnostics for Schistosomiasis Case Management in Oyo State, Nigeria: Barriers and Opportunities.","volume":"10","author":"GY Van","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681862400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T13:34:15Z","timestamp":1681911255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Budke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011266","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]]}}}