{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:25:50Z","timestamp":1790803550424,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000}}],"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For the last two decades, schistosomiasis control efforts have focussed on preventive treatment. The disease, however, still affects over 200 million people worldwide. Behaviour change (BC) interventions can strengthen control by interrupting transmission through modifying exposure behaviour (water contact) or transmission practices (open urination\/defaecation); or through fostering treatment seeking or acceptance. This review examines these interventions to assess their effectiveness in modifying risk practices and affecting epidemiological trends.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A systematic multi-database literature search (PROSPERO CRD42021252368) was conducted for peer-reviewed publications released at any time before June 2021 assessing BC interventions for schistosomiasis control in low- and middle-income countries. 2,593 unique abstracts were identified, 66 were assigned to full text review, and 32 met all inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>A typology of intervention models was outlined according to their use of behaviour change techniques and overarching rationale: health education (HEIs), social-environmental (SEIs), physical-environmental (PEIs), and incentives-centred interventions (ICIs). Available evidence does not allow to identify which BC approach is most effective in controlling risk behaviour to prevent schistosomiasis transmission. HEIs\u2019 impacts were observed to be limited by structural considerations, like infrastructure underdevelopment, economic obligations, socio-cultural traditions, and the natural environment. SEIs may address those challenges through participatory planning and implementation activities, which enable social structures, like governance and norms, to support BC. Their effects, however, appear context-sensitive. The importance of infrastructure investments was highlighted by intervention models. To adequately support BC, however, they require users\u2019 inputs and complementary services. Whilst ICIs reported positive impacts on treatment uptake, there are cost-effectiveness and sustainability concerns. Evaluation studies yielded limited evidence of independent epidemiological impacts from BC, due to limited use of suitable indicators and comparators. There was indicative evidence, however, that BC projects could sustain gains through treatment campaigns.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There is a need for integrated interventions combining information provision, community-based planning, and infrastructure investments to support BC for schistosomiasis control. Programmes should carefully assess local conditions before implementation and consider that long-term support is likely needed. Available evidence indicates that BC interventions may contribute towards schistosomiasis control when accompanied by treatment activities. Further methodologically robust evidence is needed to ascertain the direct epidemiological benefits of BC.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T18:54:39Z","timestamp":1683744879000},"page":"e0011315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Behaviour change interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis: A systematic review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-7165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Torres-Vitolas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzan C. M.","family":"Trienekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn","family":"Zaadnoordijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk N.","family":"Gouvras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395307084407","article-title":"The unacknowledged impact of chronic schistosomiasis.","volume":"4","author":"CH King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chronic Illn."},{"issue":"9936","key":"pntd.0011315.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61949-2","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis.","volume":"383","author":"DG Colley","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.1.2.10487","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium and bladder cancer: What lies beneath?","volume":"1","author":"MC Botelho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011315.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.09.001","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and Infertility: What Do We Know?","volume":"35","author":"AR Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2020.105524","article-title":"Beyond the barrier: Female Genital Schistosomiasis as a potential risk factor for HIV-1 acquisition","volume":"209","author":"A Sturt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.088","article-title":"Association of schistosomiasis and HIV infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"P Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011315.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70170-3","article-title":"Neuroschistosomiasis: clinical symptoms and pathogenesis.","volume":"10","author":"TCA Ferrari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011315.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trab067","article-title":"Cerebral mansoni schistosomiasis: a systematic review of 33 cases published from 1989 to 2019.","volume":"115","author":"IS Bruscky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref009","volume-title":"Integrating Neglected Tropical Diseases into Global Health and Development. Fourth WHO report on neglected tropical diseases.","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2017"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Accelerating work to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases\u2013A roadmap for implementation. Geneva, Switzerland; 2012."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref011","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030. [Internet].","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00090-6","article-title":"Effect of preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel on schistosomiasis among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: a spatiotemporal modelling study","volume":"22","author":"C Kokaliaris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref013","volume-title":"WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis [Internet].","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.04.013","article-title":"Time to set the agenda for schistosomiasis elimination","volume":"128","author":"D Rollinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed3030085","article-title":"When Should the Emphasis on Schistosomiasis Control Move to Elimination?","volume":"3","author":"WE Secor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011315.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.07.008","article-title":"Contracting infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan African wetlands: A question of use","volume":"220","author":"C Anthonj","year":"2017","journal-title":"A review. Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011315.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006364","article-title":"The effectiveness of water treatment processes against schistosome cercariae: A systematic review.","volume":"12","author":"L Braun","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008266","article-title":"Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda\u2014A mixed-methods approach.","volume":"14","author":"SCM Trienekens","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.09.004","article-title":"Tailoring Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Targets for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Schistosomiasis Control.","volume":"34","author":"SJ Campbell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0011315.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182009006404","article-title":"Social science perspectives on schistosomiasis control in Africa: past trends and future directions","volume":"136","author":"J Aagaard-Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009017","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009017","article-title":"Factors affecting the uptake of preventive chemotherapy treatment for schistosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.","volume":"15","author":"CA Torres-Vitolas","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-9-3","article-title":"Does mass drug administration for the integrated treatment of neglected tropical diseases really work? Assessing evidence for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in Uganda.","volume":"9","author":"M Parker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011315.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv008","article-title":"Are health education interventions effective for the control and prevention of urogenital schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review","volume":"109","author":"A Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05178-x","article-title":"Determining the optimal strategies to achieve elimination of transmission for Schistosoma mansoni.","volume":"15","author":"K Kura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04409-3","article-title":"The impact of mass drug administration on Schistosoma haematobium infection: what is required to achieve morbidity control and elimination?","volume":"13","author":"K Kura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1847-0","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis transmission on Unguja Island, Zanzibar: characterisation of persistent hot-spots.","volume":"9","author":"T Pennance","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref027","unstructured":"DAC List of ODA Recipients\u2014OECD [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 18]. Available from: http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/dac\/financing-sustainable-development\/development-finance-standards\/daclist.htm"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref028","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Health behavior change: theories, methods and interventions.","author":"A Prestwich","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-7-16","article-title":"Utilization of the PICO framework to improve searching PubMed for clinical questions.","volume":"7","author":"C Schardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011315.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006043","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006043","article-title":"Systematic review of community-based, school-based, and combined delivery modes for reaching school-aged children in mass drug administration programs for schistosomiasis.","volume":"11","author":"M Burnim","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1311-1","article-title":"Compliance with anthelmintic treatment in the neglected tropical diseases control programmes: a systematic review.","volume":"9","author":"KV Shuford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011315.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006065","article-title":"Review of the factors influencing the motivation of community drug distributors towards the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs).","volume":"11","author":"A Krentel","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref033","article-title":"Community drug distributors for mass drug administration in neglected tropical disease programmes: systematic review and analysis of policy documents.","volume":"9","author":"CL Macfarlane","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Glob Health [Internet]."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2923-6","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices on Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","volume":"18","author":"H Sacolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001620","article-title":"Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","volume":"11","author":"EC Strunz","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011315.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3296","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003296","article-title":"The Relationship between Water, Sanitation and Schistosomiasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","volume":"8","author":"JET Grimes","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0766-9","article-title":"The roles of water, sanitation and hygiene in reducing schistosomiasis: a review.","volume":"8","author":"JE Grimes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"0","key":"pntd.0011315.ref038","first-page":"1","article-title":"The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.","volume":"0","author":"B Manjang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob Public Health."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref039","volume-title":"EPPI-Reviewer 4: software for research synthesis.","author":"J Thomas"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref040","unstructured":"Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer\u2019s Manual [Internet]. The Joanna Briggs Institute; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org\/"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref041","first-page":"304","volume-title":"An Introduction to Systematic Reviews","author":"D Gough","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","article-title":"The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions.","volume":"46","author":"S Michie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med Publ Soc Behav Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","article-title":"The behaviour change wheel: A new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions.","volume":"6","author":"S Michie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198111418634","article-title":"Social Ecological Approaches to Individuals and Their Contexts: Twenty Years of Health Education & Behavior Health Promotion Interventions.","volume":"39","author":"SD Golden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref045","article-title":"Impact of praziquantel mass drug administration campaign on prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haemamtobium among schoolchildren in Bahi district, Tanzania.","volume":"16","author":"SA Chaula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tanzan J Health Res [Internet]."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(95)00118-X","article-title":"Community-based approach to schistosomiasis control","volume":"61","author":"BL Cline","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2545-5","article-title":"Development and testing of Schisto and Ladders, an innovative health educational game for control of schistosomiasis in schoolchildren.","volume":"10","author":"CU Ejike","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihaa057","article-title":"Schisto and Ladders version 2: a health educational board game to support compliance with school-based mass drug administration with praziquantel\u2013a pilot study.","volume":"13","author":"CU Ejike","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Health."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2021.e00208","article-title":"Adherence to diagnosis followed by selective treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni and related knowledge among schoolchildren in an endemic area of Minas Gerais, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of educational actions.","volume":"13","author":"TC Favre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref050","first-page":"35","article-title":"Impact de la sensibilisation des populations dans la lutte contre la bilharziose urinaire au Niger.","volume":"11","author":"A Garba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Impact Sensib Popul Dans Lutte Contre Bilharziose Urin Au Niger"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref051","first-page":"232","article-title":"The role of health education and health promotion in the control of schistosomiasis: experiences from a 12-year intervention study in the Poyang Lake area","volume":"96","author":"H Guang-Han","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.11.006","article-title":"Effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis japonica control program in Jiangsu province, China, from 2005 to 2008.","volume":"120","author":"Q biao Hong","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"pntd.0011315.ref053","first-page":"177","article-title":"The role of \u2018passive chemotherapy\u2019 plus health education for schistosomiasis control in China during maintenance and consolidation phase.","volume":"96","author":"G Jia-Gang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011315.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/17.4.425","article-title":"Schistosomiasis, helminth infection and health education in Tanzania: achieving behaviour change in primary schools.","volume":"17","author":"R Lansdown","year":"2002","journal-title":"Health Educ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0125","article-title":"Schistosomiasis Sustained Control Program in Ethnic Groups around Ninefescha (Eastern Senegal).","volume":"95","author":"M N\u2019Diaye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"pntd.0011315.ref056","first-page":"977","article-title":"Evaluation of a programme for control of schistosoma haematobium infection in Yemen.","volume":"11","author":"M a. M Nagi","year":"2005","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J Rev Sante Mediterr Orient Al-Majallah Al-Sihhiyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassit."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2018.01.004","article-title":"The impact of chemotherapy, education and community water supply on schistosomiasis control in a Southwestern Nigerian village.","volume":"23","author":"O Oyeyemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Dis Health."},{"issue":"S1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932016000122","article-title":"HEALTH EDUCATION AND THE CONTROL OF UROGENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS: ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF THE <span class = \"italic\">JUMA NA KICHOCHO COMIC-STRIP MEDICAL BOOKLET IN ZANZIBAR.","volume":"48","author":"JR Stothard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biosoc Sci."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref059","unstructured":"Chadu. Juma and schistosomiasis [Internet]. Lyon (3 quai Joseph-Gillet, 69004): Chadu; 1997. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/intestinal_worms\/resources\/en\/english_comic_juma.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.05.009","article-title":"Evaluation of an educational intervention on villagers\u2019 knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in Sichuan province, China.","volume":"127","author":"S Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref061","first-page":"13","article-title":"The influence of health education on the prevalence, intensity and morbidity of Schistosoma haematobium infections in children over a two-year period in the Limpopo Province, South Africa.","volume":"24","author":"CT Wolmarans","year":"2009","journal-title":"South Afr J Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011315.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00602.x","article-title":"The impact of educational videotapes on water contact behaviour of primary school students in the Dongting Lakes region, China.","volume":"5","author":"L Yuan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.484","article-title":"Urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana: a logistic regression approach to data from a community-based integrated control program","volume":"65","author":"NN Nsowah-Nuamah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2642-x","article-title":"Effect of an integrated intervention package of preventive chemotherapy, community-led total sanitation and health education on the prevalence of helminth and intestinal protozoa infections in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.","volume":"11","author":"E H\u00fcrlimann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref065","volume-title":"Handbook on community-led total sanitation","author":"K Kar","year":"2008"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref066","first-page":"28","article-title":"The role of community participation for sustainable integrated neglected tropical diseases and water, sanitation and hygiene intervention programs: A pilot project in Tanzania.","volume":"202","author":"S Madon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med 1982"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.09.017","article-title":"Pre- and post-intervention perceptions and water contact behaviour related to schistosomiasis in north-western Tanzania","volume":"128","author":"JR Mwanga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref068","volume-title":"PHAST step-by-step guide: a participatory approach for the control of diarrhoeal disease [Internet].","author":"World Health Organization Division of Operational Support in Environmental Health.","year":"1998"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.01.004","article-title":"Dynamics of people\u2019s socio-economic status in the face of schistosomiasis control interventions in Ukerewe district, Tanzania.","volume":"128","author":"JR Mwanga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2015.53.5.561","article-title":"Improved Perceptions and Practices Related to Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Worm Infections Following PHAST Intervention on Kome Island, North-Western Tanzania.","volume":"53","author":"JR Mwanga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.105960","article-title":"Evaluation of a urogenital schistosomiasis behavioural intervention among students from rural schools in Unguja and Pemba islands, Zanzibar.","volume":"220","author":"B Person","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011315.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1118","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30189-5","article-title":"Evaluation of integrated interventions layered on mass drug administration for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination: a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"7","author":"S Knopp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref073","unstructured":"Ideo. Human Centered Design Toolkit. 2nd edition. Palo Alto, Kalif.: Authorhouse; 2011. 187 p."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004504","article-title":"Have You Heard of Schistosomiasis? Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Nampula Province, Mozambique.","volume":"10","author":"C Rassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref075","volume-title":"A guide to implementing the Community Dialogue Approach","author":"Malaria Consortium","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1989.41.212","article-title":"Effects of Borehole Wells on Water Utilization in Schistosoma Haematobium Endemic Communities in Coast Province, Kenya","volume":"41","author":"HE Kholy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0237","article-title":"The Impact of a School-Based Hygiene, Water Quality and Sanitation Intervention on Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection: A Cluster-Randomized Trial","volume":"89","author":"MC Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2976-2","article-title":"A mixed-methods approach to understanding water use and water infrastructure in a schistosomiasis-endemic community: case study of Asamama, Ghana.","volume":"16","author":"KC Kosinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.118","article-title":"Effect of Piped Water Supply on Human Water Contact Patterns in a Schistosoma haematobium-Endemic Area in Coast Province, Kenya","volume":"56","author":"S Noda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6659-7","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium infection status and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Munyenge, South West Region, Cameroon following scale-up of communal piped water sources from 2014 to 2017: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"19","author":"GB Wepnje","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011315.ref081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3404","article-title":"Financial Incentives, Targeting, and Utilization of Child Health Services: Experimental Evidence from Zambia.","volume":"26","author":"G Fink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Econ."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001640","article-title":"Effectiveness of a Pre-treatment Snack on the Uptake of Mass Treatment for Schistosomiasis in Uganda: A Cluster Randomized Trial.","volume":"11","author":"S Muhumuza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref083","first-page":"177","article-title":"The role of \u2018passive chemotherapy\u2019 plus health education for schistosomiasis control in China during maintenance and consolidation phase.","volume":"96","author":"JG Guo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011315.ref084","first-page":"235","article-title":"Questionnaires for rapid screening of schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"80","author":"C Lengeler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011315.ref085","first-page":"1","article-title":"The process of building the priority of neglected tropical diseases: A global policy analysis.","volume":"14","author":"NA Pastrana","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011315.ref086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005129","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005129","article-title":"Use of the Health Belief Model for the Assessment of Public Knowledge and Household Preventive Practices in Karachi, Pakistan, a Dengue-Endemic City.","volume":"10","author":"TR Siddiqui","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0155147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155147","article-title":"Psychological and Educational Intervention to Improve Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Ethiopia Based on Health Belief Model: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.","volume":"11","author":"HH Tola","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00685.x","article-title":"Exposure to Schistosoma mansoni infection in a rural area in Brazil. II: Household risk factors","volume":"6","author":"J Bethony","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref089","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Predicting and Changing Health Behaviour: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models: Research and Practice with Social Cognition Models.","author":"M Conner","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref090","first-page":"329","volume-title":"The Behaviour Change Wheel.","author":"DL Atkins","year":"2014"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref091","first-page":"321","volume-title":"The Search for Empowerment: Social Capital as Idea and Practice at the World Bank","author":"A Bebbington","year":"2006"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref092","first-page":"304","volume-title":"Participation\u2014From Tyranny to Transformation: Exploring New Approaches to Participation in Development","author":"G. Mohan SH and","year":"2004","edition":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2017.10.018","article-title":"Contextual factors and motivations affecting rural community sanitation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.","volume":"221","author":"J Novotn\u00fd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011315.ref094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"026001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1965","article-title":"Community-Led Total Sanitation: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Evidence and Its Quality","volume":"126","author":"V Venkataramanan","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1015","article-title":"The Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: a systematic review of behavioural models and a framework for designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings.","volume":"13","author":"R Dreibelbis","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.019","article-title":"Access to, and use of, water by populations living in a schistosomiasis and fascioliasis co-endemic area of northern C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"149","author":"SJ Krauth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref097","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Helminth control in school-age children: a guide for managers of control programmes.","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011","edition":"2"},{"key":"pntd.0011315.ref098","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Challenges and Lessons From Conducting A Paediatric Clinical Trial in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of the Praziquantel Oral Dispersible Tablets Phase II Study in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire.","author":"E N\u2019Goran","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011315.ref099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e640","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00065-1","article-title":"The effect of conditional cash transfers on the control of neglected tropical disease: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011315.ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1158-7","article-title":"Reduced uptake of mass treatment for schistosomiasis control in absence of food: beyond a randomized trial.","volume":"15","author":"S Muhumuza","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T17:39:50Z","timestamp":1684777190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alberto Novaes","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011315","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]}}}