{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:05:36Z","timestamp":1789614336767,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011316","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684800000000}}],"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Program for Doctoral Formation","award":["Fellowship process 860-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship process 860-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The transmission dynamics of leishmaniasis are complex. There is also a lack of information about the ecological relationships between the vector\/host\/parasite at a more local and specific level. The Andean region concentrates more than 50% of Colombia\u2019s cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases. The study of the ecological interactions of sand flies through the identification of blood sources has provided information on the female\u2019s opportunistic behavior, feeding on various hosts. Therefore, this study aimed to determine sand flies\u2019 ecological interactions with <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasites and their blood sources in an endemic area of CL.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 4,621 sand flies were collected, comprising 20 species, in which the most abundant were <jats:italic>Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli<\/jats:italic> (55.4%), <jats:italic>Psychodopygus ayrozai<\/jats:italic> (14.5%) and <jats:italic>Ps<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>panamensis<\/jats:italic> (13.4%). Sequences of 12S gene fragment were analyzed using the BLASTn search tool. Blood-meal source identification was successfully performed for 47 sand flies, detecting seven vertebrate species, human and armadillo being the most frequent. <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA was amplified in four female pools, constituted by <jats:italic>Ny<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>yuilli yuilli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ps<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ayrozai<\/jats:italic>, and the identification through RFLP detected <jats:italic>Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis<\/jats:italic> in the positive pools.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The interactions between the sand fly species, local mammalian fauna and the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> parasite in this active focus of CL, provide evidence of the potential role of two different species in the maintenance of the parasite transmission, important information for the understanding of the ecoepidemiology and transmission dynamics of the disease in Andean endemic areas. However its necessary further evaluations of the vector and host competence in the transmission and maintenance of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp, in these complex and diverse areas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T17:48:03Z","timestamp":1683827283000},"page":"e0011316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Ecological interactions of sand flies, hosts, and Leishmania panamensis in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7813-1997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"Posada-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Velez-Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Cantillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Castillo-Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunice A. 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