{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:44:54Z","timestamp":1776087894175,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2600202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2600202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NSFC32230104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC32230104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Jilin Province","award":["YDZJ202101ZYTS053, 20220101294JC, 20220508052RC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202101ZYTS053, 20220101294JC, 20220508052RC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic>) adult-specific deoxyribonuclease II-7 (<jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7), a member of the DNase II-like nuclease family with no DNase II activity, was identified in the excretory\u2013secretory (ES) products of adult worms (AWs). However, its biological functions are still unclear. Our previous study revealed that <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 is located around the infection site in the intestinal tissue, speculating that it was involved in the <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). This study aimed to use RNA interference to verify our speculation that <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 in 3-day old adult <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> (Ad3) plays a role in intestinal invasion. <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7-specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were delivered into muscle larvae (MLs) to knockdown <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 expression by electroporation. Twenty-four hours later, the MLs transfected with 2 \u03bcM siRNA-841 exhibited decreased in <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 transcription and expression as compared to the control MLs. The knockdown of <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 expression did not affect ML viability, and the low expression of <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 still maintained in Ad3 recovered from <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7-RNAi-ML infected mice, resulting in a weakened ability of Ad3 to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). These results indicated that knockdown of <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi) suppressed adult worm invasion and confirmed that <jats:italic>Ts<\/jats:italic>DNase II-7 plays a crucial role during the intestinal phase of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic> infections, which provided new candidate for vaccine development of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>spiralis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T17:30:23Z","timestamp":1686245423000},"page":"e0011323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro knockdown of TsDNase II-7 suppresses Trichinella spiralis invasion into the host\u2019s intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-6617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9892-1657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0011323.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.002","article-title":"World distribution of Trichinella spp. infections in animals and humans","volume":"149","author":"E. Pozio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00026-08","article-title":"Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis","volume":"22","author":"B Gottstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"121","key":"pntd.0011323.ref003","first-page":"e55354","article-title":"Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples.","author":"A Mayer-Scholl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011323.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27010","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027010","article-title":"Normal Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells as a Model for the in vitro Invasion of Trichinella spiralis Infective Larvae.","volume":"6","author":"HJ Ren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02504","article-title":"Characterization of Two Trichinella spiralis Adult-Specific DNase II and Their Capacity to Induce Protective Immunity","volume":"9","author":"X Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0573-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis galectin and its participation in larval invasion of host\u2019s intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"49","author":"J Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00986","article-title":"Proteomic Analysis of Trichinella spiralis Adult Worm Excretory-Secretory Proteins Recognized by Sera of Patients with Early Trichinellosis","volume":"8","author":"ZQ Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0092:MCACOA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of a serine proteinase gene of Trichinella spiralis","volume":"89","author":"I Nagano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2015.53.1.1","article-title":"Serine proteases of parasitic helminths","volume":"53","author":"Y Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011323.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008269","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a Trichinella spiralis aspartic protease and its facilitation role in larval invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells.","volume":"14","author":"J Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109128","article-title":"Functional characterization of a glutathione S-transferase in Trichinella spiralis invasion, development and reproduction","volume":"297","author":"DQ Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106112","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel cathepsin L from Trichinella spiralis and its participation in invasion, development and reproduction","volume":"224","author":"Y Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00983-1","article-title":"Characterization of a novel cysteine protease in Trichinella spiralis and its role in larval intrusion, development and fecundity","volume":"52","author":"YY Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011323.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.769","article-title":"The draft genome of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis","volume":"43","author":"M Mitreva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(02)01233-7","article-title":"A family history of deoxyribonuclease II: surprises from Trichinella spiralis and Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"305","author":"KS MacLea","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"Web Server issue","key":"pntd.0011323.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W6","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl164","article-title":"BLAST: improvements for better sequence analysis","volume":"34","author":"J Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref017","first-page":"531","article-title":"Protein identification and analysis tools in the ExPASy server","volume":"112","author":"MR Wilkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011323.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0036-z","article-title":"SignalP 5.0 improves signal peptide predictions using deep neural networks","volume":"37","author":"JJ Almagro Armenteros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011323.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4315","article-title":"Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: application to complete genomes","volume":"305","author":"A Krogh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref020","first-page":"310","article-title":"Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function.","author":"R Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pac Symp Biocomput."},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011323.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1499","article-title":"War and peace at mucosal surfaces","volume":"4","author":"PJ Sansonetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01032-1","article-title":"Proteases secreted by Trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae damage the junctions of the intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and mediate larval invasion","volume":"53","author":"YY Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011323.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.06.003","article-title":"Giardia Cysteine Proteases: The Teeth behind the Smile","volume":"35","author":"T Allain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"48","key":"pntd.0011323.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34877","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M706950200","article-title":"Cryptosporidium p30, a galactose\/N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin, mediates infection in vitro","volume":"282","author":"N Bhat","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.03.017","article-title":"Excretory\/secretory products of adult Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta which increase the permeability of Caco-2 cell monolayers are neutralised by antibodies from immune hosts","volume":"221","author":"ZU Rehman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0011323.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7761","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1231488100","article-title":"Mast cells disrupt epithelial barrier function during enteric nematode infection","volume":"100","author":"JR McDermott","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0626-z","article-title":"Molecular identification and characterization of Trichinella spiralis proteasome subunit beta type-7.","volume":"8","author":"W Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011323.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4650-5","article-title":"The siRNA-mediated silencing of Trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase results in reduction of larval infectivity","volume":"114","author":"ZQ Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109160","article-title":"Characterization of a Trichinella spiralis cathepsin X and its promotion for the larval invasion of mouse intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"297","author":"SW Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"5388","key":"pntd.0011323.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5388.430","article-title":"RNAi in C. elegans: soaking in the genome sequence","volume":"282","author":"H Tabara","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106197","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of the siRNA pathway in Taenia crassiceps by silencing Enolase A","volume":"225","author":"J Guerrero-Hernandez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04025-1","article-title":"Haemonchus contortus: siRNA mediated knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 12A (MMP-12) results in reduction of infectivity.","volume":"13","author":"MA Naqvi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011323.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241918","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241918","article-title":"Immunoproteomic analysis of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi excretory-secretory muscle larvae proteins recognized by sera from humans infected with Trichinella","volume":"15","author":"S Grzelak","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"S1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006000849","article-title":"Apoptosis-like death as a feature of malaria infection in mosquitoes","volume":"132","author":"H Hurd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011323.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00189-4","article-title":"Larvae-induced plasma membrane wounds and glycoprotein deposition are insufficient for Trichinella spiralis invasion of epithelial cells","volume":"107","author":"BA Butcher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011323.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030116","article-title":"Comparative Pathobiology of the Intestinal Protozoan Parasites Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvum.","volume":"8","author":"A Hemphill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011323.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.1023-1033.2005","article-title":"Sarcocystis neurona merozoites express a family of immunogenic surface antigens that are orthologues of the Toxoplasma gondii surface antigens (SAGs) and SAG-related sequences.","volume":"73","author":"DK Howe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"pntd.0011323.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7033-9_20","article-title":"Protein-Protein Interactions: Pull-Down Assays.","volume":"1615","author":"A Louche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"5771","key":"pntd.0011323.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124619","article-title":"Mass spectrometry and protein analysis","volume":"312","author":"B Domon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011323.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0614-y","article-title":"Oral vaccination with Trichinella spiralis DNase II DNA vaccine delivered by attenuated Salmonella induces a protective immunity in BALB\/c mice","volume":"49","author":"X Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T17:30:58Z","timestamp":1686245458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011323"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pamela Marie","family":"Pennington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]}}}