{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:57:45Z","timestamp":1776837465258,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011422","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014035","name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0091_21_18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0091_21_18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014035","name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0049_22_18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0049_22_18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014035","name":"Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0058_23_18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0058_23_18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) continues to circulate throughout Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific where approximately 3 billion people in 24 countries are at risk of infection. Surveillance targeting the mosquito vectors of JEV was conducted at four military installations on Okinawa, Japan, between 2016 and 2021. Out of a total of 10,426 mosquitoes from 20 different species, zero were positive for JEV. The most abundant mosquito species collected were\n                    <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (36.4%) followed by\n                    <jats:italic>Culex sitiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (24.3%) and\n                    <jats:italic>Armigeres subalbatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (19%). Statistically significant differences in mosquito species populations according to location were observed. Changes in land use over time appear to be correlated with the species and number of mosquitoes trapped in each location. JEV appears to be absent from mosquito populations on Okinawa, but further research on domestic pigs and ardeid birds is warranted.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T13:57:02Z","timestamp":1697723822000},"page":"e0011422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mosquito surveillance on U.S military installations as part of a Japanese encephalitis virus detection program: 2016 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5288-1223","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark F.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kakazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ploenphit","family":"Promma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wannapa","family":"Sornjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duncan R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organization [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland. [Cited 2023 17 February]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/japanese-encephalitis."},{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51027","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51027","article-title":"Estimates of the global burden of Japanese encephalitis and the impact of vaccination from 2000\u20132015","volume":"9","author":"TM Quan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011422.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121534","article-title":"The ecology and evolution of Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"10","author":"P Mulvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011422.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serological evidence of continued Japanese encephalitis virus transmission in Singapore nearly three decades after end of pig farming","volume":"12","author":"G Yap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites & vectors"},{"issue":"Suppl_1","key":"pntd.0011422.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/tay009","article-title":"Japanese encephalitis: the vectors, ecology and potential for expansion","volume":"25","author":"JC Pearce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of travel medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011422.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.3390\/v13030357","article-title":"Potential role of birds in Japanese encephalitis virus zoonotic transmission and genotype shift","volume":"13","author":"M Hameed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011422.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061154","article-title":"Mosquito vector competence for Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"13","author":"H Auerswald","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.09.020","article-title":"A quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the risk of introduction of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the United States via infected mosquitoes transported in aircraft and cargo ships","volume":"160","author":"AR Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Preventive veterinary medicine"},{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref009","first-page":"435","article-title":"Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects","volume":"19","author":"H Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Therapeutics and clinical risk management"},{"issue":"35","key":"pntd.0011422.ref010","first-page":"28","article-title":"Three Japanese encephalitis cases in Okinawa, Japan, 1991","volume":"20","author":"M Saito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref011","unstructured":"Dick, A. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Mandatory for certain PACAF locales. United States Air Force [Internet] 2015 Feb 2. [cited 2023 March 23]; [about 1 p.] https:\/\/www.af.mil\/News\/Article-Display\/Article\/562972\/japanese-encephalitis-vaccine-mandatory-for-certain-pacaf-locales\/"},{"issue":"25","key":"pntd.0011422.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11255","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002040107","article-title":"Exploiting mosquito sugar feeding to detect mosquito-borne pathogens","volume":"107","author":"S Hall-Mendelin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011422.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12112","article-title":"A simple non-powered passive trap for the collection of mosquitoes for arbovirus surveillance","volume":"50","author":"SA Ritchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of medical entomology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011422.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1373","article-title":"Applications of a Sugar-Based Surveillance System to Track Arboviruses in Wild Mosquito Populations","volume":"14","author":"AF van den Hurk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0011422.ref015","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Mizusawa K, Edward S. 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