{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:59:06Z","timestamp":1790099946797,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011432","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000}}],"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Capital\u2019s Funds for Health Improvement and Research","award":["2022-1G-2162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-1G-2162"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Public Health Experts Project","award":["2022-3-040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-3-040"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Tongzhou Municipal Science & Technology commission","award":["KJ2022CX044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2022CX044"]}]},{"name":"Tongzhou Yunhe Project under Grant","award":["YH201917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YH201917"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species can cause local or disseminated infection. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of nocardiosis are required, because it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of local species distribution and susceptibility patterns is important to appropriate empiric therapy. However, knowledge on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species remains limited in China.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data of isolation of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species were collected from databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase as well as Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang and VIP). Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Random effect models were used and tested with Cochran\u2019s Q and I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> statistics taking into account the possibility of heterogeneity between studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 791 <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> isolates were identified to 19 species levels among all the recruited studies. The most common species were <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>farcinica<\/jats:italic> (29.1%, 230\/791), followed by <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic> (25.3%, 200\/791), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> (11.8%, 93\/791) and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>otitidiscaviarum<\/jats:italic> (7.8%, 62\/791). <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>farcinica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic> were widely distributed, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> mainly prevalent in the south, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>otitidiscaviarum<\/jats:italic> mainly distributed in the eastern coastal provinces of China. Totally, 70.4% (223\/317) <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> were cultured from respiratory tract specimens, 16.4% (52\/317) from extra-pulmonary specimens, and 13.3% (42\/317) from disseminated infection. The proportion of susceptible isolates as follows: linezolid 99.5% (197\/198), amikacin 96.0% (190\/198), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 92.9% (184\/198), imipenem 64.7% (128\/198). Susceptibility varied by species of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>farcinica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic> are the most frequently isolated species, which are widely distributed in China. Pulmonary nocardiosis is the most common type of infection. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can still be the preferred agent for initial <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> infection therapy due to the low resistance rate, linezolid and amikacin could be an alternative to treat nocardiosis or a choice in a combination regimen.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T18:01:37Z","timestamp":1689012097000},"page":"e0011432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Nocardia species in China: A systematic review and 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