{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:57:06Z","timestamp":1787021826758,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011492","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USAMMDA"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007545","name":"Agence Fran\u00e7aise de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de l'Environnement et du Travail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In endemic foci, the use of an aquaphilic cream containing paromomycin with\/without gentamicin to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is safe, painless and cures 78\u201382% of patients with New and Old World CL. Self-application in travelers requires evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Travelers with 1\u201310 lesions of confirmed CL were prospectively treated with the paromomycin-gentamicin formulation (WR279396, 2012\u20132017, Group 1) and carefully follow up, or treated with a locally produced paromomycin-only cream (2018\u20132022, Group 2). The cream was applied once under supervision, then self-applied daily for 20\u201330 days. A cured lesion was defined as 100% re-epithelialization at day 42 without relapse at three months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical features were similar in Group 1 (17 patients), and Group 2 (23 patients). Patients were infected with either\n                      <jats:italic>Leishmania major<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>killicki<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>guyanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>braziliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , or\n                      <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>naiffi<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Intention-to-treat and per-protocol cure rates were 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) [64.23;100.00]) and 87% (95% CI [71,29;100.00]) in Group 1, and 69% (95% CI [50.76; 88.37]) and 76% (95% CI [57.97; 94.41]) in Group 2. In the pooled Group 1&amp;2, 75% (95% CI [61.58;88.42]) (30\/40) and 81% (95% CI [68,46;93.6]) (30\/37) of patients were cured in intention-to-treat and per-protocol, respectively. There were no significant differences observed in the success rates between Old World and New World CL (83.3% vs. 60%, p = 0.14). Prospective observations in Group 1 showed that adverse events were mainly pruritus (24%) and pain (18%) on lesions (all mild or moderate). No mucosal involvement was observed in either group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this representative population of travelers who acquired CL either in the Old or New World, the 81% per-protocol cure rate of a self-applied aminoglycoside cream was similar to that observed in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T13:50:43Z","timestamp":1691675443000},"page":"e0011492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Self-application of aminoglycoside-based creams to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in 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