{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:07:17Z","timestamp":1789542437608,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011511","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000}}],"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kreditanstalt f\u00fcr Wiederaufbau (kwF),","award":["Internal BMZ N\u00b0 2015. 69.227+ 2016. 68797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internal BMZ N\u00b0 2015. 69.227+ 2016. 68797"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>\nIntroduction\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant progress has been made in onchocerciasis control through mass distribution of ivermectin among affected human populations, fostering optimism for disease elimination. However, despite these considerable advances, the elimination of the disease remains a major challenge in many African foci. This paper describes the current situation of onchocerciasis in Adamaoua Region of Cameroon after 20 consecutive years of ivermectin mass treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>\nMaterials and methods\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study was conducted between August and September 2020 in Adamaoua Region of Cameroon. Onchocerciasis endemicity was assessed through parasitological and clinical diagnosis. Microfilarodermia and nodule prevalences assessed in 2020 were compared to those of 1998-2002 and 2010-2013 surveys using the <jats:italic>Chi<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>square<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u200a2<\/jats:sup>) statistic test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>\nResults\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 4,814 participants aged between 5 and 108 years, including 50.4% men and 49.6% women were enrolled in the study. The nodule and microfilaria prevalences reported from this sub-sample were 0.87 [0.64 - 1.19] % and 0.77 [0.54 - 1.07] %, respectively. At the community level, the mf prevalences ranged from 0.5% to 4.5%. Globally, the community microfilarial loads (CMFL) were &lt; 0.5 mf\/ss. The survey therapeutic coverage rates were between 40% and 78%, lower than those reported (79% - 83%) by the\u00a0NOCP. The coverage rates in ivermectin treatment in all age groups of the population were below 65%, except for the 40-50 age group where it was \u224870%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>\nConclusion\n<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study show a drastic decline in onchocerciasis prevalences after 20 consecutive years of CDTI, indicating a significant progress towards stopping <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> transmission in Adamaoua Region. However, additional efforts are needed to increase the population coverage in ivermectin treatment in order to stop the parasite transmission in this region.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T18:23:08Z","timestamp":1741112588000},"page":"e0011511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Status of human onchocerciasis transmission in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon after 20 years of ivermectin mass distribution"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0994-7471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Bienvenu Nwane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugues Clotaire","family":"Nana-Djeunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcisse Nzune","family":"Toche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Domch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fesuh Nono","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick Emalio","family":"Niamsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Roger","family":"Njitchuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine Augusta Flore","family":"Tsasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Bopda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Mbickmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubin","family":"Balog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Nkwelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Nkwelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarisse","family":"Ebene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honor\u00e9","family":"Obama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Messi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Biholong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Billong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges Nko\u2019o","family":"Ayissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kamgno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011511.ref001","first-page":"445","article-title":"Population dynamics of Onchocerca volvulus after 7 to 8 years of vector control in West Africa","volume":"44","author":"M Karam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0011511.ref002","first-page":"387","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of onchocerciasis control strategies","volume":"59","author":"JD Habbema","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Leiden"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011511.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-0628-3","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of nodding syndrome and other forms of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in northern Uganda after the implementation of onchocerciasis control measures","volume":"9","author":"N Gumisiriza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011511.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb11844.x","article-title":"A clinical classification and grading system of the cutaneous changes in onchocerciasis","volume":"129","author":"ME Murdoch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"pntd.0011511.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buck AA. 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