{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:50:06Z","timestamp":1787579406412,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011549","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694476800000}}],"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1053230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1053230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship","award":["APP1109035 and APP1158469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1109035 and APP1158469"]}]},{"name":"Viertel Senior Medical Research Council Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Scabies is a common skin infestation caused by the <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabei<\/jats:italic> mite. Ivermectin, one of three drugs used in mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis, is also effective for treating scabies. Ivermectin-based MDA was first conducted in Samoa in August 2018, with ivermectin being offered to those aged \u22655 years. Here, we report scabies prevalence in Samoa after MDA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted household surveys 1.5\u20133.5 months (Survey 1) and 6\u20138 months (Survey 2) after the 2018 MDA in 35 primary sampling units. We conducted clinical examination for scabies-like rash and used International Alliance for the Control of Scabies classification criteria. We estimated scabies prevalence by age, gender and region. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We surveyed 2868 people (499 households) and 2796 people (544 households) aged 0\u201375 years in Surveys 1 and 2, respectively. Scabies prevalence increased from 2.4% (95% CI 2.1\u20132.7%) to 4.4% (95% CI 4.0\u20134.9%) between surveys. Scabies was associated with younger age (0\u20134 years: aOR 3.5 [2.9\u20134.2]; 5\u201315 years: aOR 1.6 [1.4\u20131.8] compared to \u226516 years), female gender (aOR 1.2 [95% CI 1.1\u20131.4]; region (aOR range from 1.4 [1.1\u20131.7] to 2.5 [2.1\u20133.1] between regions), large households (aOR 2.6 [2.0\u20133.4] households \u226513), and not taking MDA in 2018 (aOR 1.3 [95% CI 1.1\u20131.6]).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We found moderate prevalence of scabies in two population-representative surveys conducted within 8 months of the 2018 MDA for lymphatic filariasis. Prevalence appeared to increase between the surveys, and ongoing surveillance is recommended, particularly in young children.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T17:53:56Z","timestamp":1692726836000},"page":"e0011549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Scabies prevalence after ivermectin-based mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis, Samoa 2018\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-412X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriela A.","family":"Willis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Therese","family":"Kearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Mayfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Take","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Engelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia M.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-4169","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colleen L.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10192","key":"pntd.0011549.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31136-5","article-title":"The public health control of scabies: priorities for research and action","volume":"394","author":"D Engelman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011549.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00132-2","article-title":"Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"L Romani","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0011549.ref003","article-title":"Mass drug administration for the control of scabies: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"SJ Lake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"9524","key":"pntd.0011549.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68772-2","article-title":"Scabies","volume":"367","author":"J Heukelbach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011549.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-06","article-title":"Problems in diagnosing scabies, a global disease in human and animal populations","volume":"20","author":"S Walton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Microbiology Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011549.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2006.01809.x","article-title":"Clinical features and associated morbidity of scabies in a ruralcommunity in Alagoas, Brazil","volume":"12","author":"A Jackson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and International Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011549.ref007","first-page":"233","article-title":"An epidemiologic and therapeutic reassessment of scabies","volume":"65","author":"CG Burkhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cutis; 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McPherson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011549.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007635","article-title":"The diagnosis of scabies by non-expert examiners: A study of diagnostic accuracy","volume":"13","author":"MH Osti","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011549.ref039","article-title":"Cross-Cultural, Aboriginal Language, Discovery Education for Health Literacy and Informed Consent in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory","volume":"3","author":"JM Shield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australia. 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