{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:51:27Z","timestamp":1785297087380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Triple drug regimen (IDA; Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine, Albendazole) recommended for accelerating elimination of lymphatic filariasis was launched in India in December 2018. Nagpur district in Maharashtra was one of the first five districts where this strategy was introduced. The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) at the district reported ~85.0% treatment coverage in the first round of mass drug administration (MDA) with IDA implemented in EU-2 in Nagpur district in January 2019. As per the national guideline, a coverage evaluation survey was carried out and both quantitative and qualitative data were collected to assess the treatment coverage, the level of community preparation and identify the gaps, if any, for improvement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A Coverage Evaluation Survey (CES) following the WHO recommended protocol was conducted in one of the two evaluation units (EU-2) in Nagpur district in March 2019. Coverage Sample Builder (CSB) V2.9 tool was used to calculate the sample size, select sites and estimate drug coverage. The CSB tool followed a two-stage cluster sampling procedure to select 30 primary sampling units (ward\/village as a cluster) and a list of random numbers for selecting households (HHs) in each cluster. The results were analyzed for operational indicators. Stata ver. 14.0 software was used to construct the 95% confidence limits accounting for clustering.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 1601 individuals aged 5\u201385 years of both gender from 328 HHs were surveyed from the 30 randomly selected clusters in EU-2. The mean age was 33.8\u00b117.6 years. Among the surveyed population, 78.0% received the drugs (programme reach) and 66.1% consumed the drugs (survey coverage). Survey coverage was significantly higher in rural (82.6%) than in urban (59.4%) and peri-urban (58.6%) areas (P&lt;0.001). Directly observed treatment (DOT) among the surveyed population was 51.6%. Adverse events were reported among 6.9% respondents who reported to have consumed the drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The IDA based MDA strategy could achieve just the required level of treatment coverage (~65%) in EU-2, Nagpur district, which had previously undergone several rounds of DA-MDAs (Diethylcarbamazine, Albendazole). Having achieved an effective treatment coverage of &gt;80% in rural areas, the coverage in urban and peri-urban areas need to be improved in order to attain the impact of IDA-MDA. It is imperative to strengthen drug delivery and community preparation activities along with improved DOT especially in urban and peri-urban areas to achieve the required level of treatment coverage. Addition of ivermectin did not have any additional perceived adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T17:25:25Z","timestamp":1694107525000},"page":"e0011588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Coverage evaluation of mass drug administration with triple drug regimen in an evaluation unit in Nagpur district of Maharashtra, India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Raja Jeyapal","family":"Dinesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6105-4297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adinarayanan","family":"Srividya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaminathan","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaliannagounder","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanmugavelu","family":"Sabesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika Charmode","family":"Raghorte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purushothaman","family":"Jambulingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref001","volume-title":"Key facts: Lymphatic filariasis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref002","volume-title":"Guideline: Alternative Mass Drug Administration Regimens to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref003","volume-title":"Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.13065.1","article-title":"The roadmap towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis by 2030: insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling","volume":"3","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gates Open Res"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref005","article-title":"Lymphatic Filariasis","journal-title":"National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref006","article-title":"Accelerated plan for elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis\u2013 2018","journal-title":"National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Directorate of General Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011588.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Elimination of lymphatic filariasis\u2013India: Updates and way forward","volume":"3","author":"N. Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref008","first-page":"tpmd210964","article-title":"Introduction of Triple-Drug Therapy for Accelerating Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in India: Lessons Learned","author":"B Tripathi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref009","volume-title":"Call to Action to eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis by 2021","author":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref010","journal-title":"Census 2011. District Census Handbook, Nagpur, Maharashtra. Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref011","volume-title":"A field manual for implementation","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref012","volume-title":"StataCorp. 2015. Stata Statistical Software: Release 14"},{"issue":"20","key":"pntd.0011588.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1914262","article-title":"Single-Dose Triple-Drug Therapy for Wuchereria bancrofti\u20145-Year Follow-up","volume":"382","author":"CL King","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30467-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of a triple-drug regimen for global elimination of lymphatic filariasis: a modelling study","volume":"17","author":"MA Irvine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011588.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002839","article-title":"The safety of double- and triple-drug community mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis: A multicenter, open-label, cluster-randomized study","volume":"16","author":"GJ Weil","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011588.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009069","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009069","article-title":"An open label, block randomized, community study of the safety and efficacy of co-administered ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole vs. diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole for lymphatic filariasis in India","volume":"15","author":"P Jambulingam","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011588.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009002","article-title":"A multicenter, community-based, mixed methods assessment of the acceptability of a triple drug regimen for elimination of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"15","author":"A Krentel","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref018","volume-title":"Monitoring and epidemiological assessment of mass drug administration in the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a manual for national elimination programmes","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011588.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_503_19","article-title":"Coverage of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in urban Nagpur, Central India: A mixed method study","volume":"8","author":"S Banerjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref020","first-page":"28230","article-title":"Mass drug administration coverage evaluation for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Nagpur district of Maharashtra","volume":"5","author":"AR Jadhao","journal-title":"J Med Sci Clin Res"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/2394-7438.166306","article-title":"Mass drug administration program against lymphatic filariasis: Are we on the path to success? experience from Solapur District, Maharashtra","volume":"1","author":"MA Parande","year":"2015","journal-title":"MAMC J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011588.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002447","article-title":"A review of factors that influence individual compliance with mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"7","author":"A Krentel","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3230","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20173818","article-title":"Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in two districts of Maharashtra: Scenario of last five years","volume":"4","author":"SM Chaudhary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011588.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008854","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008854","article-title":"A community survey of coverage and adverse events following country-wide triple-drug mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination, Samoa 2018","volume":"14","author":"GA Willis","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011588.ref025","volume-title":"MDA campaign to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis","author":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T17:25:36Z","timestamp":1694107536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011588"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Krentel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]}}}