{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:29:01Z","timestamp":1793042941129,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI172924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI172924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010654","name":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COCIBA Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COCIBA Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000936","name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leptospirosis is the world\u2019s most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We sampled dogs from five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasun\u00ed National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals to\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      and to identify the circulating species. Microscopic Agglutination Tests with a panel of 22 different serovars showed anti-leptospira antibodies in 36 sampled dogs (75%), and 7 serogroups were detected. Two DNA-based detection assays revealed pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA in 18 of 19 dog urine samples (94.7%). Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>16S rRNA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>SecY<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes from 15 urine samples revealed genetic diversity within two of three different\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      species: noguchii (n = 7), santarosai (n = 7), and interrogans (n = 1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The high prevalence of antibodies and\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA provides strong evidence for high rates of past and current infections. Such high prevalence has not been previously reported for dogs. These dogs live in the peridomestic environment in close contact with humans, yet they are free-ranging animals that interact with wildlife. This complex web of interactions may explain the diverse types of pathogenic\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      observed in this study. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are likely to play an important role in the cycling and transmission of\n                      <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Future studies in areas with complex ecoepidemiology will enable better parsing of the significance of genotypic, environmental, and host characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T13:26:11Z","timestamp":1712150771000},"page":"e0011671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: Key players in Leptospira cycling and transmission?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9323-9130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diego 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