{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:13:41Z","timestamp":1791980021280,"version":"4.4.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011702","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000}}],"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005915","name":"Tata Trusts","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>-borne disease risk is associated with contemporary urbanization practices where city developing structures function as a catalyst for creating mosquito breeding habitats. We lack better understanding on how the links between landscape ecology and urban geography contribute to the prevalence and abundance of mosquito and pathogen spread.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>An outdoor longitudinal study in Bengaluru (Karnataka, India) was conducted between February 2021 and June 2022 to examine the effects of macrohabitat types on the diversity and distribution of larval habitats, mosquito species composition, and body size to quantify the risk of dengue outbreak in the landscape context.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 8,717 container breeding sites were inspected, of these 1,316 were wet breeding habitats. A total of 1,619 mosquito larvae representing 16 species from six macrohabitats and nine microhabitats were collected. <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> were the dominant species and significantly higher in artificial habitats than in natural habitats. Breeding preference ratio for <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> species was high in grinding stones and storage containers. The <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> infestation indices were higher than the WHO threshold and showed significant linear increase from Barren habitat to High density areas. We found <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>albopictus<\/jats:italic> breeding in sympatry with <jats:italic>Ae<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>aegypti<\/jats:italic> had shorter wing length.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A large proportion of larval habitats were man-made artificial containers. Landscape ecology drives mosquito diversity and abundance even at a small spatial scale which could be affecting the localized outbreaks. Our findings showed that sampling strategies for mosquito surveillance must include urban environments with non-residential locations and dengue transmission reduction programmes should focus on \u2018neighbourhood surveillance\u2019 as well to prevent and control the rising threat of <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic>-borne diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T18:53:35Z","timestamp":1699469615000},"page":"e0011702","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Determinants of Aedes mosquito larval ecology in a heterogeneous urban environment- a longitudinal study in Bengaluru, India"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Deepa","family":"Dharmamuthuraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohini","family":"P. 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