{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T23:59:37Z","timestamp":1789343977883,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wellcome International Training Fellowship","award":["214208\/Z\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214208\/Z\/18\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect most impoverished communities in developing countries, like Myanmar in Southeast Asia. NTDs have been understudied and underreported in Myanmar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A systematic review of published and grey literature (1900\u20132023) on neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar was conducted. The literature search included five international databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Global Health, and Web of Science Core Collection and one national database: the Myanmar Central Biomedical Library (locally published papers and grey literature). The selection criteria included articles with all types of study designs of current or previous infections conducted in humans, that reported NTDs, recognised by WHO, US CDC, and listed in PLoS NTDs. We included melioidosis and rickettsioses which we consider also meet the definition of an NTD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 5941 records were retrieved and screened, of which, 672 (11%) met the selection criteria and were included in this review. Of the included articles, 449 (65%) were published after 2000 and 369 (55%) were from two regions (Yangon and Mandalay) of Myanmar. Of the included articles, 238 (35%) reported bacterial NTDs, 212 (32%) viral NTDs, 153 (23%) helminth NTDs, 25 (4%) protozoal NTDs and 39 (6%) reported more than one aetiology. Based on reported frequency in descending order, the bacterial NTDs were leprosy,\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n enteritis, salmonellosis, cholera, shigellosis, melioidosis, leptospirosis and rickettsioses; the viral NTDs were dengue, chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection; the protozoal NTDs were amoebiasis, giardiasis and leishmaniasis, and the helminth NTDs were ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm disease, filariasis and strongyloidiasis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This review summarises NTDs reported in Myanmar over the past 100 years. The findings suggest that most NTDs are likely to be under reported, especially from the majority of the country which is far from academic centres. Research capacity building together with strengthening of laboratory systems would lead to better understanding of the true burden of NTDs in Myanmar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n \n PROSPERO registration ID:\n CRD42018092627<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T13:48:46Z","timestamp":1698846526000},"page":"e0011706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A systematic review of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Myanmar"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6044-8718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myo Maung Maung","family":"Swe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aung Pyae","family":"Phyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Smithuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011706.ref001","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neglected tropical diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011706.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005424","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005424","article-title":"The global burden of disease study 2013: What does it mean for the NTDs?","volume":"11","author":"JR Herricks","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011706.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra064142","article-title":"Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases.","volume":"357","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011706.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy349","article-title":"Why Funding for Neglected Tropical Diseases Should Be a Global Priority","volume":"67","author":"SL Reed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0011706.ref005","author":"Ministry of Labour Immigration and Population (Myanmar).","year":"2020","journal-title":"The 2019 Inter-censal Survey: The Union Report"},{"key":"pntd.0011706.ref006","author":"United Nations","year":"2021","journal-title":"The least developed countries in the post-COVID world: Learning from 50 years of experience"},{"key":"pntd.0011706.ref007","unstructured":"Global Health Expenditure Database (Accessed on 22 Feb 2022) [Internet]. 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