{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T19:32:19Z","timestamp":1774639939968,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011709","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]],"date-time":"2023-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698883200000}}],"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province in China","award":["2022YFN0013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFN0013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the infection of <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic> sensu lato (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> s.l.), one of the most harmful zoonotic helminths worldwide. Infected dogs are the major source of CE transmission. While praziquantel-based deworming is a main measure employed to control dog infections, its efficacy is at times compromised by the persistent high rate of dog re-infection and the copious discharge of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> eggs into the environment. Therefore, the dog vaccine is a welcome development, as it offers a substantial reduction in the biomass of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic>. This study aimed to use previous insights into <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> functional genes to further assess the protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins in dogs using a two-time injection vaccination strategy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We expressed and combined recombinant <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> triosephosphate isomerase (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>TIM) with annexin B3 (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>ANXB3), adenylate kinase 1 (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>ADK1) with <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> protoscolex calcium binding protein 1 (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>EPC1), and fatty acid-binding protein (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>FABP) with paramyosin (r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>A31). Beagle dogs received two subcutaneous vaccinations mixed with Quil-A adjuvant, and subsequently orally challenged with protoscoleces two weeks after booster vaccination. All dogs were sacrificed for counting and measuring <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> tapeworms at 28 days post-infection, and the level of serum IgG was detected by ELISA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs vaccinated with r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>TIM&amp;r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>ANXB3, r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>ADK1&amp;r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>EPC1, and r<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>gFABP-<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>A31 protein groups exhibited significant protectiveness, with a worm reduction rate of 71%, 57%, and 67%, respectively, compared to the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the vaccinated groups exhibited an inhibition of worm growth, as evidenced by a reduction in body length and width (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the level of IgG in the vaccinated dogs was significantly higher than that of the control dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These verified candidates may be promising vaccines for the prevention of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> infection in dogs following two injections. The r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>TIM&amp;r<jats:italic>Eg<\/jats:italic>ANXB3 co-administrated vaccine underscored the potential for the highest protective efficacy and superior protection stability for controlling <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic> infections in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T17:34:54Z","timestamp":1698082494000},"page":"e0011709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates against Echinococcus granulosus in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Shao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengqiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3177-0908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guangyou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011709.ref001","first-page":"e00075","article-title":"Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st","volume":"32","author":"H Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Century. 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