{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:08:32Z","timestamp":1767179312413,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011728","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,9]],"date-time":"2023-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699488000000}}],"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["215515\/Z\/19\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n is a pathogen of growing global importance as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in childhood, particularly in transitional low-middle income countries (LMICs). Here, we sought to determine the incidence of childhood exposure to\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n infection in a contemporary transitional LMIC population, where it represents the dominant\n Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n species.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Participants were enrolled between the age of 12\u201336 months between June and December 2014. Baseline characteristics were obtained through standardized electronic questionnaires, and serum samples were collected at 6-month intervals over two years of follow-up. IgG antibody against\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n O-antigen (anti-O) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A four-fold increase in ELISA units (EU) with convalescent IgG titre >10.3 EU was taken as evidence of seroconversion between timepoints.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 3,498 serum samples were collected from 748 participants; 3,170 from the 634 participants that completed follow-up. Measures of anti-O IgG varied significantly by calendar month (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03). Estimated\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n seroincidence was 21,451 infections per 100,000 population per year (95% CI 19,307\u201323,834), with peak incidence occurring at 12\u201318 months of age. Three baseline factors were independently associated with the likelihood of seroconversion; ever having breastfed (aOR 2.54, CI 1.22\u20135.26), history of prior hospital admission (aOR 0.57, CI 0.34\u20130.95), and use of a toilet spray-wash in the household (aOR 0.42, CI 0.20\u20130.89).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Incidence of\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\n sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n exposure in Ho Chi Minh City is substantial, with significant reduction in the likelihood of exposure as age increases beyond 2 years.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T14:10:33Z","timestamp":1698675033000},"page":"e0011728","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The seroincidence of childhood Shigella sonnei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, 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