{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:30:23Z","timestamp":1788877823490,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011746","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300800, 2021YFC2300801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300800, 2021YFC2300801"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2021YFC2300802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300802"]}]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianshan Innovation Team Program","award":["2023D14009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023D14009"]}]},{"name":"Distinguished Young Scholars Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2020Q007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Q007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(82160397, 81860359, 81660342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(82160397, 81860359, 81660342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases Fund","award":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-BC1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-BC1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide neglected zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of the tapeworm\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato\n                    <jats:italic>(E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which predominantly resides in the liver accompanied by mild inflammation. Macrophages constitute the main cellular component of the liver and play a central role in controlling the progression of inflammation and liver fibrosis. However, the role of hepatic macrophages in the establishment and growth of hydatid cysts in the liver during\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu stricto (\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .) infection has not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that CD68\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    macrophages accumulated in pericystic areas of the liver and that the expression of CD163, a marker of anti-inflammatory macrophages, was more evident in active CE patients than in inactive CE patients. Moreover, in a mouse model of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    . infection, the pool of hepatic macrophages expanded dramatically through the attraction of massive amounts of monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) to the infection site. These infiltrating macrophages preferentially polarized toward an iNOS\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    proinflammatory phenotype at the early stage and then toward a CD206\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    anti-inflammatory phenotype at the late stage. Notably, the resident Kupffer cells (KCs) predominantly maintained an anti-inflammatory phenotype to favor persistent\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    . infection. In addition, depletion of hepatic macrophages promoted\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\n                    . larval establishment and growth partially by inhibiting CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell recruitment and liver fibrosis. The above findings demonstrated that hepatic macrophages play a vital role in the progression of CE, contributing to a better understanding of the local inflammatory responses surrounding hydatid cysts and possibly facilitating the design of novel therapeutic approaches for CE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T13:31:52Z","timestamp":1699277512000},"page":"e0011746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hepatic macrophages play critical roles in the establishment and growth of hydatid cysts in the liver during Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinling","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zibigu","family":"Rousu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiemin","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3241-2224","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuanshan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011746.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001","article-title":"Global 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