{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T05:45:02Z","timestamp":1773812702268,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000}}],"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022612","name":"Ministero della Difesa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIPANE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIPANE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003500","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Snake envenoming is a major, but neglected, tropical disease. Among venomous snakes, those inducing neurotoxicity such as kraits (\n                    <jats:italic>Bungarus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus) cause a potentially lethal peripheral neuroparalysis with respiratory deficit in a large number of people each year. In order to prevent the development of a deadly respiratory paralysis, hospitalization with pulmonary ventilation and use of antivenoms are the primary therapies currently employed. However, hospitals are frequently out of reach for envenomated patients and there is a general consensus that additional, non-expensive treatments, deliverable even long after the snake bite, are needed. Traumatic or toxic degenerations of peripheral motor neurons cause a neuroparalysis that activates a pro-regenerative intercellular signaling program taking place at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We recently reported that the intercellular signaling axis melatonin-melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) plays a major role in the recovery of function of the NMJs after degeneration of motor axon terminals caused by massive Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx. Here we show that the small chemical MT1 agonists: Ramelteon and Agomelatine, already licensed for the treatment of insomnia and depression, respectively, are strong promoters of the neuroregeneration after paralysis induced by krait venoms in mice, which is also Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    mediated. The venom from a\n                    <jats:italic>Bungarus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species representative of the large class of neurotoxic snakes (including taipans, coral snakes, some Alpine vipers in addition to other kraits) was chosen. The functional recovery of the NMJ was demonstrated using electrophysiological, imaging and lung ventilation detection methods. According to the present results, we propose that Ramelteon and Agomelatine should be tested in human patients bitten by neurotoxic snakes acting presynaptically to promote their recovery of health. Noticeably, these drugs are commercially available, safe, non-expensive, have a long bench life and can be administered long after a snakebite even in places far away from health facilities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T13:29:43Z","timestamp":1704720583000},"page":"e0011825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Agonists of melatonin receptors strongly promote the functional recovery from the neuroparalysis induced by neurotoxic snakes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"D\u2019Este","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Fabris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Stazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morena","family":"Simonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Megighian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Rigoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8038-1696","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuele","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Montecucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011825.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2162","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002162","article-title":"The need for full integration of snakebite envenoming within a global strategy to combat the neglected tropical diseases: the way forward","volume":"7","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0007059","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007059","article-title":"Strategy for a globally coordinated response to a priority neglected tropical disease: Snakebite envenoming","volume":"13","author":"DJ Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7618","key":"pntd.0011825.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/537026a","article-title":"Vipers, mambas and taipans: the escalating health crisis over snakebites","volume":"537","author":"C Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 1","key":"pntd.0011825.ref004","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Snakebite envenomation and death in the developing world","volume":"19","author":"LS Cruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","article-title":"Snakebite envenoming","volume":"3","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011825.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000603","article-title":"Snake bite in South Asia: a review","volume":"4","author":"E Alirol","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9708","key":"pntd.0011825.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2","article-title":"Snake bite","volume":"375","author":"DA Warrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref008","unstructured":"The Reptile database. http:\/\/www.reptile-database.org. [Internet]."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011825.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002302","article-title":"Neurotoxicity in snakebite\u2014the limits of our knowledge","volume":"7","author":"UK Ranawaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004368","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004368","article-title":"Neuromuscular Effects of Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) Envenoming in Sri Lanka","volume":"10","author":"A Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.458","article-title":"Distinctive epidemiologic and clinical features of common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bites in Sri Lanka","volume":"79","author":"CA Ariaratnam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6366","key":"pntd.0011825.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6366.678","article-title":"Severe neurotoxic envenoming by the Malayan krait Bungarus candidus (Linnaeus): response to antivenom and anticholinesterase","volume":"286","author":"DA Warrell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011825.ref013","first-page":"457","article-title":"Evenoming by Bungarus multicinctus (many-banded krait) in Hong Kong","volume":"98","author":"JC Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011825.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(93)90291-W","article-title":"Neurotoxic envenoming by the Sri Lankan krait (Bungarus ceylonicus) complicated by traditional treatment and a reaction to antivenom","volume":"87","author":"A de Silva","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011825.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90524-1","article-title":"Envenoming by Chinese krait (Bungarus multicinctus) and banded krait (B. fasciatus) in Myanmar","volume":"91","author":"T Pe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(90)90297-R","article-title":"Envenoming by the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and Sri Lankan cobra (Naja naja naja): efficacy and complications of therapy with Haffkine antivenom","volume":"84","author":"RD Theakston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh642","article-title":"Envenoming bites by kraits: the biological basis of treatment-resistant neuromuscular paralysis","volume":"128","author":"S Prasarnpun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011825.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3181","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq265","article-title":"The greater black krait (Bungarus niger), a newly recognized cause of neuro-myotoxic snake bite envenoming in Bangladesh","volume":"133","author":"A Faiz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref019","first-page":"518","article-title":"Clinical features of 60 consecutive ICU-treated patients envenomed by Bungarus multicinctus","volume":"40","author":"HT Hung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"919","key":"pntd.0011825.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.919.276","article-title":"Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) bite in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka: a prospective clinical study, 1996\u201398","volume":"78","author":"SA Kularatne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011825.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00087-3","article-title":"Decreased parasympathetic activities in Malayan krait (Bungarus candidus) envenoming","volume":"39","author":"C Laothong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011825.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1988.tb05747.x","article-title":"Respiratory failure following envenomation","volume":"43","author":"LD Karalliedde","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref023","unstructured":"Valenta J. Venomous Snakes: Envenoming, Therapy: Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated; 2010."},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref024","unstructured":"Valenta J. Venomous snakes: Envenoming, Therapy."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011825.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90035-7","article-title":"Electrophysiological findings in patients envenomed following the bite of a Papuan taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni)","volume":"89","author":"AJ Trevett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011825.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90051-9","article-title":"FAILURE OF 3,4-DIAMINOPYRIDINE AND EDROPHONIUM TO PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT CLINICAL BENEFIT IN NEUROTOXICITY FOLLOWING THE BITE OF PAPUAN TAIPAN (OXYURANUS-SCUTELLATUS-CANNI)","volume":"89","author":"AJ Trevett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011825.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1021\/pr101091a","article-title":"Venomic and antivenomic analyses of the Central American coral snake, Micrurus nigrocinctus (Elapidae)","volume":"10","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1135337","article-title":"Coral snake bites (Micrurus spp.) in Brazil: a review of literature reports","volume":"54","author":"F Bucaretchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152724","article-title":"Vipers of Major clinical relevance in Europe: Taxonomy, venom composition, toxicology and clinical management of human bites","volume":"453","author":"MR Di Nicola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011825.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1194","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001194","article-title":"Reappraisal of Vipera aspis venom neurotoxicity","volume":"2","author":"E Ferquel","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0011825.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.11.007","article-title":"Guillain-Barre syndrome: first description of a snake envenomation aetiology","volume":"242","author":"J Neil","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0072-9752(07)01511-4","article-title":"Botulism","volume":"91","author":"EA Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011825.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2783-0","article-title":"Respiratory Muscle Rehabilitation in Patients with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: A Targeted Approach","volume":"24","author":"B Bissett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011825.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins9090290","article-title":"A Review and Database of Snake Venom Proteomes","volume":"9","author":"T Tasoulis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011825.ref035","first-page":"266","article-title":"How do presynaptic PLA2 neurotoxins block nerve terminals?","volume":"25","author":"C Montecucco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"5754","key":"pntd.0011825.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120640","article-title":"Equivalent effects of snake PLA2 neurotoxins and lysophospholipid-fatty acid mixtures","volume":"310","author":"M Rigoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.04.012","article-title":"Beta-bungarotoxin-induced depletion of synaptic vesicles at the mammalian neuromuscular junction","volume":"47","author":"S Prasarnpun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011825.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11849.x","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of presynaptically acting neurotoxins from the venom of Bungarus snakes","volume":"80","author":"T Abe","year":"1977","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(76)90074-9","article-title":"The effects of taipoxin and notexin on the function and fine structure of the murine neuromuscular junction","volume":"1","author":"SG Cull-Candy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65291-1","article-title":"Nerve terminal damage by beta-bungarotoxin: its clinical significance","volume":"154","author":"RW Dixon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06365.x","article-title":"Mass spectrometry analysis of the phospholipase A(2) activity of snake pre-synaptic neurotoxins in cultured neurons","volume":"111","author":"M Paoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"15","key":"pntd.0011825.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11238","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610176200","article-title":"Calcium influx and mitochondrial alterations at synapses exposed to snake neurotoxins or their phospholipid hydrolysis products","volume":"282","author":"M Rigoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.03.025","article-title":"Calcium overload in nerve terminals of cultured neurons intoxicated by alpha-latrotoxin and snake PLA2 neurotoxins","volume":"54","author":"E Tedesco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"49","key":"pntd.0011825.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34013","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M803243200","article-title":"Snake Phospholipase A(2) Neurotoxins Enter Neurons, Bind Specifically to Mitochondria, and Open Their Transition Pores","volume":"283","author":"M Rigoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.12.007","article-title":"Calpains participate in nerve terminal degeneration induced by spider and snake presynaptic neurotoxins","volume":"64","author":"E Duregotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011825.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607257","article-title":"CXCL12\u03b1\/SDF-1 from perisynaptic Schwann cells promotes regeneration of injured motor axon terminals","volume":"9","author":"S Negro","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011825.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12695","article-title":"Melatonin promotes regeneration of injured motor axons via MT1 receptors","volume":"70","author":"M Stazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Pineal Research"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2002.02943.x","article-title":"Melatonin as a candidate compound for neuroprotection in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): high tolerability of daily oral melatonin administration in ALS patients","volume":"33","author":"S Jacob","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011825.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00377.x","article-title":"Reduced oxidative damage in ALS by high-dose enteral melatonin treatment","volume":"41","author":"JH Weishaupt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011825.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031490","article-title":"Melatonin: From Pharmacokinetics to Clinical Use in Autism Spectrum Disorder","volume":"22","author":"S Lalanne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011825.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054803","article-title":"Benefits of the Neurogenic Potential of Melatonin for Treating Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders","volume":"24","author":"Y Potes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref052","unstructured":"approval R. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/2005\/021782s000_RozeremTOC.cfm 2005 ["},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref053","unstructured":"approval A. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/medicines\/human\/EPAR\/valdoxan 2009 ["},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pntd.0011825.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.132.1.167","article-title":"VAMP\/synaptobrevin isoforms 1 and 2 are widely and differentially expressed in nonneuronal tissues","volume":"132","author":"O Rossetto","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011825.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12540","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12540","article-title":"Detection of recombinant and endogenous mouse melatonin receptors by monoclonal antibodies targeting the C-terminal domain","volume":"66","author":"E Cecon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"pntd.0011825.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270874","article-title":"The repair Schwann cell and its function in regenerating nerves","volume":"594","author":"KR Jessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology-London"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011825.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10032-1","article-title":"Schwann cells induce and guide sprouting and reinnervation of neuromuscular junctions","volume":"19","author":"YJ Son","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011825.ref058","article-title":"Perisynaptic Schwann Cells at the Neuromuscular Synapse: Adaptable, Multitasking Glial Cells","volume":"7","author":"CP Ko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00134","article-title":"ATP Released by Injured Neurons Activates Schwann Cells","volume":"10","author":"S Negro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011825.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008547","article-title":"An agonist of the CXCR4 receptor accelerates the recovery from the peripheral neuroparalysis induced by Taipan snake envenomation","volume":"14","author":"M Stazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-2593-4_40","article-title":"Neurotransmission Recovery by Melatonin Measured by CMAP","volume":"2550","author":"S Negro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"717","key":"pntd.0011825.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadg1485","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adg1485","article-title":"Regeneration of neuromuscular synapses after acute and chronic denervation by inhibiting the gerozyme 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase","volume":"15","author":"MA Bakooshli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011825.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.13.132431","article-title":"A multicomponent strategy to improve the availability of antivenom for treating snakebite envenoming","volume":"92","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011825.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070451","article-title":"The Search for Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors That Would Complement Antivenoms as Therapeutics for Snakebite Envenoming","volume":"13","author":"JM Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011825.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14110783","article-title":"Varespladib in the Treatment of Snakebite Envenoming: Development History and Preclinical Evidence Supporting Advancement to Clinical Trials in Patients Bitten by Venomous Snakes","volume":"14","author":"MR Lewin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e651","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.651","article-title":"An agonist of the CXCR4 receptor is therapeutic for the neuroparalysis induced by Bungarus snakes envenoming","volume":"12","author":"M Stazi","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011825.ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080531","article-title":"Recovery from the Neuroparalysis Caused by the Micrurus nigrocinctus Venom Is Accelerated by an Agonist of the CXCR4 Receptor","volume":"14","author":"M Stazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref068","article-title":"An agonist of CXCR4 induces a rapid recovery from the neurotoxic effects of Vipera ammodytes and Vipera aspis venoms","author":"M Stazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011825.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8101183","article-title":"An Agonist of the CXCR4 Receptor Strongly Promotes Regeneration of Degenerated Motor Axon Terminals","volume":"8","author":"S Negro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"pntd.0011825.ref070","article-title":"A CXCR4 receptor agonist strongly stimulates axonal regeneration after damage","volume":"8","author":"G Zanetti","journal-title":"Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T14:05:06Z","timestamp":1705673106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011825","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.12.05.570230","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]}}}