{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:46:01Z","timestamp":1790793961596,"version":"4.1.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000}}],"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-21-0166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-21-0166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006109","name":"Vedeck\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 2\/0107\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 2\/0107\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006108","name":"Kult\u00farna a Edukacn\u00e1 Grantov\u00e1 Agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2\/0157\/22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2\/0157\/22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious parasitic disease caused by larval stages of\n                    <jats:italic>Echinococcus multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Between January 2000 and October 2023, 137 AE cases were confirmed in Slovakia. The average annual incidence increased from 0.031 per 100,000 inhabitants between 2000 and 2011, to an average of 0.187 since 2012, i.e. about six times. Among patients, 45.3% were men and 54.7% were women; the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.8 years. Most cases were diagnosed in the age groups 51\u201360 years and 61\u201370 years (33 cases each), and eight patients fell into the age category \u2264 20 years. To better recognize the gene diversity in clinical samples, metacestodes from 21 patients collected between 2013 and 2021 were subjected to DNA sequencing of four mitochondrial genes. Using concatenated sequences of\n                    <jats:italic>cob<\/jats:italic>\n                    (603 bp),\n                    <jats:italic>nad2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (882 bp) and\n                    <jats:italic>cox1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (789 bp) gene fragments, 14 isolates (66.7%) were assigned to the European E5 profile of\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>multilocularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , two isolates (9.5%) to the E5\n                    <jats:sup>a<\/jats:sup>\n                    subtype, four isolates (19%) to the E4 profile, and one isolate (4.8%) to haplogroup E1\/E2. The E5-type profiles and E4 profiles were distributed throughout the country, whereas the E1\/E2 profile was found in the patient from western Slovakia. According to the data obtained and GenBank sequences, the E5-type dispersal is so far limited to central-eastern Europe and the variant seems to be indigenous to that region. The admixture with the haplotypes E4 and E1\/E2 could have taken place from a historical endemic focus during the fox expansion in the last decades. By employing the\n                    <jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic>\n                    fragment, a typical European haplotype was observed in all 21 resolved Slovak samples. The acceleration in the AE incidence in the last decade suggests the emergence of the disease and the need for further research on human and animal isolates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T13:31:47Z","timestamp":1704893507000},"page":"e0011876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human alveolar echinococcosis in Slovakia: Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis, 2000\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Antolov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-3210","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Viliam","family":"\u0160n\u00e1bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Jaro\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Cavallero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"D\u2019Amelio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Syrota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Roso\u013eanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Avdi\u010dov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.09.006","article-title":"The Echinococcoses: Diagnosis, Clinical Management and Burden of Disease.","volume":"96","author":"P Kern","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.11.001","article-title":"Writing Panel for the WHO-IGWE. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"114","author":"E Brunetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0011876.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.029","article-title":"Susceptibility versus resistance in alveolar echinococcosis (larval infection with Echinococcus multilocularis).","volume":"213","author":"B Gottstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011876.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32833d7516","article-title":"Clinical features and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis.","volume":"23","author":"P. Kern","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011876.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.11.013","article-title":"Control of Echinococcus multilocularis: strategies, feasibility and cost-benefit analyses","volume":"43","author":"D Hegglin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.001","article-title":"Global Distribution of Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis.","volume":"95","author":"P Deplazes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020178","article-title":"Wild Mesocarnivores as Reservoirs of Endoparasites Causing Important Zoonoses and Emerging Bridging Infections across Europe.","volume":"12","author":"F Veronesi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-011-0023-5","article-title":"Fox tapeworm (Echinococcus multilocularis) in Slovakia\u2013summarizing the long-term monitoring.","volume":"48","author":"M Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref009","first-page":"101","article-title":"Alveol\u00e1rna echinokok\u00f3za na Slovensku [Alveolar echinococcosis in Slovakia].","volume":"11","author":"D Antolov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"Newslab"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2021-0002","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis of the liver with a rare infiltration of the adrenal gland","volume":"58","author":"K \u0160imekov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2014.03.002","article-title":"Unexpected diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife in Canada","volume":"3","author":"KM Gesy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.07.010","article-title":"Geographic pattern of genetic variation in the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis","volume":"58","author":"M Nakao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0520","article-title":"Histopathological, serological, and molecular confirmation of indigenous alveolar echinococcosis cases in Mongolia","volume":"82","author":"A Ito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-006-0037-6","article-title":"Genetic structuring and differentiation of Echinococcus multilocularis in Slovakia assessed by sequencing and isoenzyme studies","volume":"43","author":"V \u0160n\u00e1bel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011876.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e452","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000452","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes at a continental scale in Europe.","volume":"3","author":"J Knapp","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0058","article-title":"Alveolar echinococcosis in a dog; analysis of clinical and histological findings and molecular identification of Echinococcus multilocularis.","volume":"63","author":"D Antolov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X20000528","article-title":"The fox tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis, in grey wolves and dogs in Slovakia\u2013epidemiology and genetic analysis","volume":"94","author":"J Jaro\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref018","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"issue":"43","key":"pntd.0011876.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the tidyverse.","volume":"4","author":"H Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw"},{"issue":"60","key":"pntd.0011876.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"An R Package for Assessment, Comparison and Testing of Statistical Models","volume":"6","author":"D L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software. J. Open Source Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for Zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Modelling","volume":"9","author":"ME Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.7589\/2014-08-214","article-title":"Introduced and Native Haplotypes of Echinococcus multilocularis in Wildlife in Saskatchewan, Canada","volume":"51","author":"KM Gesy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.445","article-title":"Short report: Identification of Echinococcus species from a yak in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China","volume":"69","author":"N Xiao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011876.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182007002235","article-title":"Identification of taeniid eggs in the faeces from carnivores based on multiplex PCR using targets in mitochondrial DNA","volume":"134","author":"D Trachsel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75","article-title":"Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega","volume":"7","author":"F Sievers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011876.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050339","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis in Estonia","volume":"11","author":"E Moks","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2602.181826","article-title":"Human Alveolar Echinococcosis, Croatia","volume":"26","author":"D Du\u0161ek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0011876.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","article-title":"Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies","volume":"16","author":"HJ Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/123.3.585","article-title":"Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism","volume":"123","author":"F. Tajima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/117693430500100003","article-title":"Arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis.","volume":"1","author":"L Excoffier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evol Bioinform Online"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"007","DOI":"10.14411\/fp.2017.007","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in Poland: the first report of a haplotype of probable Asian origin","volume":"64","author":"J Karamon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Folia Parasitol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011876.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1905.120867","article-title":"Populations at risk for alveolar echinococcosis, France","volume":"19","author":"M Piarroux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.01.018","article-title":"Using the genetics of Echinococcus multilocularis to trace the history of expansion from an endemic area","volume":"22","author":"G Umhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"11","key":"pntd.0011876.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.11.2465-2466.1988","article-title":"Numerical index of the discriminatory ability of typing systems: An application of Simpson\u2019s index of diversity","volume":"26","author":"PR Hunter","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref037","volume-title":"Variability within and among natural populations","author":"S. Wright","year":"1978","edition":"1"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0011876.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.004","article-title":"First report of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis in raccoon dogs in Estonia, and comparisons with other countries in Europe","volume":"212","author":"L Laurimaa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0011876.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1017\/S003118202000075X","article-title":"Long-term (35 years) cryopreservation of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.","volume":"147","author":"T Laurim\u00e4e","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref040","first-page":"754","volume-title":"Theory and Practice of Parasitic Disease Control","author":"V \u0160n\u00e1bel","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref041","first-page":"353","article-title":"Variability within NADH dehydrogenase sequences of Echinococcus multilocularis.","volume":"45","author":"AH Kedra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref042","first-page":"339","article-title":"Molecular determination of suspected alveolar echinococcosis requiring surgical treatment in human cases from Poland.","volume":"64","author":"M Dybicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annals Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1897-3","article-title":"Support for targeted sampling of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) feces in Sweden: a method to improve the probability of finding Echinococcus multilocularis.","volume":"9","author":"AL Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0011876.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4555-3","article-title":"The brown hare (Lepus europaeus) as a novel intermediate host for Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe.","volume":"114","author":"V Chaignat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3859-z","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus in canines in North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, identified using morphology and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA","volume":"12","author":"Z Heidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011876.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1806.111420","article-title":"Detection of European Strain of Echinococcus multilocularis in North America","volume":"18","author":"EJ Jenkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011876.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001716","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis in wolves from western Canada","volume":"141","author":"JM Schurer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011876.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-7249(02)00040-5","article-title":"The complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae).","volume":"1","author":"M Nakao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref049","first-page":"175","article-title":"Computed tomography findings in the liver in patients with tissue parasitosis [N\u00e1lezy po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej tomografie v pe\u010deni u pacientov s tkaninov\u00fdmi parazit\u00f3zami].","volume":"43","author":"V Kr\u010dm\u00e9ry","year":"1989","journal-title":"\u010cs Gastroent V\u00fd\u017e."},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref050","first-page":"33","article-title":"The first case of autochthonous human alveolar echinococcosis in the Slovak Republic","volume":"23","author":"J Kin\u010dekov\u00e1","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mitt \u00d6sterr Ges Tropenmed Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref051","first-page":"193","article-title":"A second case of autochthonous human alveolar echinococcosis in the Slovak Republic.","volume":"39","author":"J. Kin\u010dekov\u00e1","year":"2002","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0011876.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.036","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of human AE in Europe","volume":"213","author":"DA Vuitton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-019-01325-2","article-title":"Worldwide literature on epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis: a systematic review of research published in the twenty-first century.","volume":"47","author":"S Baumann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.120595","article-title":"Unexpected increase of alveolar echincoccosis, Austria, 2011.","volume":"19","author":"R Schneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1306.061074","article-title":"Human alveolar echinococcosis after fox population increase, Switzerland","volume":"13","author":"A Schweiger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"28","key":"pntd.0011876.ref056","first-page":"206","article-title":"Surveillance de l\u2019\u00e9chinococcose alv\u00e9olaire en France: bilan de cinq ann\u00e9es d\u2019enregistrement, 2001\u20132005.","volume":"27","author":"M Piarroux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Num\u00e9ro th\u00e9matique. Les zoonoses en France. Bull Epidemiol Hebd."},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref057","article-title":"Encadr\u00e9\u2013L\u2019\u00e9chinococcose alv\u00e9olaire humaine en France en 2010\/Box\u2013Human alveolar echinococcosis in France, update 2010.","volume":"24","author":"F Grenouillet","year":"2010","journal-title":"BEH Hors-s\u00e9r."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011876.ref058","first-page":"e1986","article-title":"Human alveolar echinococcosis in Poland: 1990\u20132011.","volume":"7","author":"WL Nahorski","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS: Negl Trop Dis."},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref059","first-page":"235","article-title":"Climate and environmental factors influencing Echinococcus multilocularis occurrence in the Slovak Republic.","volume":"13","author":"M Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"AAEM"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref060","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hunting Statistical Yearbook of the Slovak Republic"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref061","first-page":"588","author":"Statistical Yearbook of the Slovak Republic 1994","year":"1995","journal-title":"VEDA, Bratislava: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic,"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref062","first-page":"750","author":"Statistical Yearbook of the Slovak Republic 1997","year":"1998","journal-title":"VEDA, Bratislava: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref063","first-page":"215","article-title":"Red fox\u2014the most important source of alveolar echinococcosis and rabies in Slovakia [L\u00ed\u0161ka hrdzav\u00e1 - najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00ed zdroj alveol\u00e1rnej echinokok\u00f3zy a besnoty na Slovensku].","volume":"34","author":"M Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2009","journal-title":"Slovak Vet J"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref064","first-page":"712","volume-title":"Roz\u0161\u00edrenie, bion\u00f3mia a ochrana (Mammals of Slovakia. Distribution, bionomy and protection]","author":"J Kri\u0161tof\u00edk","year":"2012"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011876.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2006354","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis in the red fox Vulpes vulpes from the East Carpathian region of Poland and the Slovak Republic.","volume":"80","author":"P Dubinsk\u00fd","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref066","first-page":"11","article-title":"Contribution to the knowledge of the helminthofauna in the wolf and wild cat in Czechoslovakia.","volume":"8","author":"V. Baru\u0161","year":"1961","journal-title":"\u010ceskoslov Parazitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref067","first-page":"207","article-title":"The helminthofauna of Carnivora in Czechoslovakia","volume":"12","author":"J. Prokopi\u010d","year":"1965","journal-title":"\u010ceskoslov Parazitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref068","first-page":"161","article-title":"The helminthofauna of Carnivora in Slovakia and Czechoslovakia","volume":"2","author":"J. Mituch","year":"1972","journal-title":"Folia Venat"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref069","first-page":"191","article-title":"Helminths of carnivores on the model territory of the Hihg Tatras National Park","volume":"22","author":"J Mituch","year":"1992","journal-title":"Folia Venat"},{"issue":"12\u201313","key":"pntd.0011876.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00130-2","article-title":"Echinococcosis: an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis","volume":"30","author":"J Eckert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.07.001","article-title":"Biology and Systematics of Echinococcus","volume":"95","author":"RCA Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-008-0032-1","article-title":"Echinococcus multilocularis is a frequent parasite of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Latvia","volume":"45","author":"G Bagrade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref073","first-page":"100403","article-title":"Clinical, pathological and parasitological examinations of a German spaniel with alveolar echinococcosis, Germany, 2018.","volume":"20","author":"C Delling","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011876.ref074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mambio.2004.12.001","article-title":"Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae)","volume":"70","author":"R Sommer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mamm Biol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2018.08.019","article-title":"Genetic analysis of European red foxes reveals multiple distinct peripheral populations and central continental admixture","volume":"197","author":"MJ Statham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Quat Sci Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.09.013","article-title":"Assessment of the global pattern of genetic diversity in Echinococcus multilocularis inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences","volume":"262","author":"A Spotin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620722","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.620722","article-title":"Asian Admixture in European Echinococcus multilocularis Populations: New Data From Poland Comparing EmsB Microsatellite Analyses and Mitochondrial Sequencing.","volume":"7","author":"G Umhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.07.004","article-title":"A step forward in the understanding of the presence and expansion of Echinococcus multilocularis in Eastern Europe using microsatellite EmsB genotyping in Poland","volume":"54","author":"G Umhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100623","article-title":"Detection of Asian genetic components in autochthonous human Echinococcus multilocularis infections from endemic Warmia-Masuria (north-eastern Poland).","volume":"17","author":"P G\u0142adysz","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"pntd.0011876.ref080","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Riumliche Persistenz und Diffusion von Krankheiten.","author":"W. Frank","year":"1987"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T16:20:52Z","timestamp":1730996452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adriano","family":"Casulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]]}}}