{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:52:24Z","timestamp":1776693144913,"version":"3.51.2"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011877","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000}}],"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["424776\/2016-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["424776\/2016-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The spleen plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of visceral leishmaniasis. In severe forms of the disease, the spleen undergoes changes that can compromise its function in surveilling blood-circulating pathogens. In this study, we present an integrated analysis of the structural and gene expression alterations in the spleens of three patients with relapsing visceral leishmaniasis, two of whom were coinfected with HIV. Our findings reveal that the IL6 signaling pathway plays a significant role in the disorganization of the white pulp, while\n                    <jats:italic>BCL10<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ICOSLG<\/jats:italic>\n                    are associated with spleen organization. Patients coinfected with HIV and visceral leishmaniasis exhibited lower splenic CD4+ cell density and reduced expression of genes such as\n                    <jats:italic>IL15<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These effects may contribute to a compromised immune response against\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in coinfected individuals, further impacting the structural organization of the spleen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,6]],"date-time":"2024-06-06T13:59:06Z","timestamp":1717682346000},"page":"e0011877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An integrated analysis of the structural changes and gene expression of spleen in human visceral leishmaniasis with and without HIV coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5717-5627","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan L. 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