{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:47:06Z","timestamp":1792194426066,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF21\/DOS\/056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF21\/DOS\/056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease that is caused by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>)<\/jats:italic>, the life cycle of which involves multiple hosts. We conducted a systematic review (SR) on <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>. in the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA), to provide a picture of its recent epidemiology across all hosts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For this SR, conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, five electronic databases, as well experts in the region were consulted to retrieve records published between 2000 and 2022, reporting the presence of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>. infections in any natural host in the GHA (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 247 records were retained, describing the presence of <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>. throughout the GHA, except for Djibouti. Only few population surveys on human CE were conducted in the area, with the prevalence ranging between 0.3 and 11.3%. In animals, the reported prevalence ranged up to 61.6% in camels, 88.4% in cattle; 65.2% in goats, 9.9% in pigs, 67.8% in sheep and 94.5% in dogs. In addition, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>. was also reported in wildlife. A total of five species were reported in the different hosts, namely <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus sensu stricto<\/jats:italic> (G1, G3, G<jats:sub>Omo<\/jats:sub>), <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>canadensis<\/jats:italic> (G6\/7), <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>ortleppi<\/jats:italic> (G5), <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>felidis<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>equinus<\/jats:italic> (G4).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We confirm that <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>granulosus s<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>l<\/jats:italic>. is prevalent throughout the GHA. Nevertheless, despite our efforts to screen grey literature, an accurate assessment of the epidemiology in GHA remains challenging, due to the lack of combined host, in-depth risk factor and behavioural studies, as well as the wide diversity in subpopulations studied and diagnostic tools used. Interdisciplinary and transboundary partnerships would be essential for the design of effective control strategies, tuned to the GHA setting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T18:22:00Z","timestamp":1706206920000},"page":"e0011894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in the Greater Horn of Africa: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-5031","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weldegebrial G.","family":"Aregawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Levecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagos","family":"Ashenafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Byaruhanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigatu","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erastus","family":"Mulinge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Wassermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Romig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronique","family":"Dermauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002","article-title":"Ecology and Life Cycle Patterns of Echinococcus Species","volume":"95","author":"T Romig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.04.005","article-title":"A novel zoonotic genotype related to Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto from southern Ethiopia","volume":"46","author":"M Wassermann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.08.008","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes infecting humans\u2013review of current knowledge","volume":"44","author":"CA Alvarez Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.107-135.2004","article-title":"Biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of echinococcosis, a zoonosis of increasing concern","volume":"17","author":"J Eckert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0692","article-title":"A systematic review of the literature on cystic echinococcosis frequency worldwide and its associated clinical manifestations","volume":"88","author":"CM Budke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001920","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001920","article-title":"World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 11 Foodborne Parasitic Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis","volume":"12","author":"PR Torgerson","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pntd.0011894.ref007","unstructured":"WHO. 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