{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T01:16:35Z","timestamp":1778980595816,"version":"3.51.4"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011972","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE) is a chronic respiratory syndrome associated with Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), a tropical parasitic infection of the human, transmitted by mosquitoes. The larval form of LF (microfilariae) are trapped in the lungs of TPE subjects have a major role in initiating the TPE syndrome. To date, there are no reports on the potential allergen that is responsible for generating parasite-specific IgE in TPE.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this project, we screened a cDNA expression library of the microfilarial stages of <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> with monoclonal IgE antibodies prepared from subjects with clinical filarial infections. Our studies identified a novel molecule that showed significant sequence similarity to an allergen. A blast analysis showed the presence of similar proteins in a number of nematodes parasites. Thus, we named this molecule as Nematode Pan Allergen (NPA). Subsequent functional analysis showed that NPA is a potent allergen that can cause release of histamine from mast cells, induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from alveolar macrophages and promote accumulation of eosinophils in the tissue, all of which occur in TPE lungs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Based on our results, we conclude that the NPA protein secreted by the microfilariae of <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> may play a significant role in the pathology of TPE syndrome in LF infected individuals. Further studies on this molecule can help design an approach to neutralize the NPA in an attempt to reduce the pathology associated with TPE in LF infected subjects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T18:39:57Z","timestamp":1707935997000},"page":"e0011972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification and characterization of a novel nematode pan allergen (NPA) from Wuchereria bancrofti and their potential role in human filarial tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Samuel Christopher","family":"Katru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anand Setty","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gnanasekar","family":"Munirathinam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Hadadianpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-9245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ramaswamy","family":"Kalyanasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011972.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.43.020192.002221","article-title":"Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.","volume":"43","author":"EA Ottesen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"pntd.0011972.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e3281eb8ec9","article-title":"Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.","volume":"13","author":"VK Vijayan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"pntd.0011972.ref003","first-page":"e1186","article-title":"The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000\u201318: a geospatial analysis","volume":"9","author":"Global Health","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health. 2020"},{"key":"pntd.0011972.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983812","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.983812","article-title":"Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology?","volume":"13","author":"A. 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