{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T05:10:24Z","timestamp":1786597824057,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011973","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000}}],"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NextGenerationEU-MUR PNRR Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases","award":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006088","name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project no. PE00000007, INF-ACT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While in much of the Western world snakes are feared, in the small, rural, mountainous town of Cocullo, in the middle of central Italy, snakes are annually collected and celebrated in a sacro-profane ritual. Every 1<jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup> of May, <jats:italic>Serpari<\/jats:italic> (snake catchers) capture and showcase dozens of non-venomous snakes to celebrate the ritual of <jats:italic>San Domenico<\/jats:italic>. In order to detect potential zoonotic pathogens within this unique epidemiological context, parasites and microorganisms of snakes harvested for the \u201c<jats:italic>festa dei serpari\u201d<\/jats:italic> ritual were investigated. Snakes (<jats:italic>n =<\/jats:italic> 112) were examined and ectoparasites collected, as well as blood and feces sampled. Ectoparasites were identified morpho-molecularly, and coprological examination conducted through direct smear and flotation. Molecular screenings were performed to identify parasites and microorganisms in collected samples (i.e., Mesostigmata mites, <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> sensu lato, <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Babesia\/Theileria<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. and helminths). Overall, 28.5% (32\/112) of snakes were molecularly positive for at least one parasite and\/or microorganism. Endosymbiont <jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic> bacteria were identified from Macronyssidae mites and zoonotic vector-borne pathogens (e.g., <jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>), as well as orally transmitted pathogens (i.e., <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>), were detected from blood and feces. Thus, given the central role of the snakes in the tradition of Cocullo, surveys of their parasitic fauna and associated zoonotic pathogens may aid to generate conservation policies to benefit the human-snake interactions, whilst preserving the cultural patrimony of this event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T18:33:10Z","timestamp":1708540390000},"page":"e0011973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the \u201cfesta Dei serpari\u201d in Cocullo, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jairo Alfonso","family":"Mendoza-Roldan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Perles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Szafranski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Montinaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariaelisa","family":"Carbonara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Scalera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro Paulo","family":"de Abreu Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Walochnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-476X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Domenico","family":"Otranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011973.ref001","first-page":"1","article-title":"Students\u2019 attitudes toward and knowledge about snakes in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil","volume":"10","author":"R Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"J EthnobiolEthnom"},{"key":"pntd.0011973.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-016-0092-0","article-title":"Public perceptions of snakes and snakebite management: implications for conservation and human health in southern Nepal","volume":"12","author":"DP Pandey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnobiol Ethnom"},{"key":"pntd.0011973.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011431","article-title":"Snakes and Souks: Zoonotic pathogens associated to reptiles in the Marrakech markets","volume":"17","author":"JA Mendoza-Roldan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Morocco. 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