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Although AHD may increase pathogen transmission and spread, particularly for zoonotic diseases, human and dog exposure in such cases has yet to be fully established. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess <jats:italic>Brucella canis<\/jats:italic> in 19 individuals with AHD (11 households) and their 264 dogs (21 households) in Curitiba, the eighth largest city in Brazil, with approximately 1.8 million habitants. Anti-<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>canis<\/jats:italic> antibodies were detected by the 2-mercaptoethanol microplate agglutination test (2ME-MAT) and by a commercial lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), while molecular detection of previously positive seropositive samples was performed by conventional PCR. Although all the human samples were 2ME-MAT negative, 12\/264 (4.5%, 95% Confidence Interval: 2.0\u20137.0%) dog samples were 2ME-MAT and LFIA positive, with 2ME-MAT titers ranging from 20 to 640. At least one dog in 4\/21 (19.0%, 95% CI: 2.0\u201346.0%) households was seropositive. Despite the absence of seropositivity in individuals with AHD and the comparatively low seroprevalence in dogs, <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>canis<\/jats:italic> circulation and outbreaks should be considered in such human populations due to the high burden and recurrent character of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>canis<\/jats:italic> exposure in high-density dog populations and the constant introduction of susceptible animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T17:33:48Z","timestamp":1710264828000},"page":"e0011974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["One Health approach for Brucella canis: Serological and molecular detection in animal-hoarding individuals and their dogs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Schiavo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matheus Lopes","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meila Bastos","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziela Ribeiro","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle Almeida Nocera","family":"Esp\u00edrito Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien Midori","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ac\u00e1cia Ferreira","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Ponsart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"de Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Bach","family":"Kmetiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6540-7157","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jane","family":"Megid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-5821","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander Welker","family":"Biondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011974.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-020-09743-4","article-title":"Psychopathological comorbid symptoms in animal hoarding disorder.","volume":"91","author":"EA Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatr Q.Sep"},{"key":"pntd.0011974.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011974.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/114.1.81","article-title":"Hoarding of animals: an under-recognized public health problem in a difficult-to-study population","volume":"114","author":"GJ Patronek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0011974.ref004","first-page":"1211","article-title":"Understanding the human aspects of animal hoarding.","volume":"49","author":"AI Reinisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Vet J."},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0011974.ref005","first-page":"e0233305","article-title":"Spatial serosurvey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in individuals with animal hoarding disorder and their dogs in Southern Brazil. 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