{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:37:43Z","timestamp":1788669463620,"version":"build-2803163510"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011981","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000}}],"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008793","name":"Universidad del Rosario","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Internal funds"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Internal funds"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017703","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n CeiBA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chagas disease, affecting approximately eight million individuals in tropical regions, is primarily transmitted by vectors. <jats:italic>Rhodnius prolixus<\/jats:italic>, a triatomine vector, commonly inhabits in ecotopes with diverse palm tree species, creating optimal conditions for vector proliferation. This study aims to explore the transmission ecology of <jats:italic>Trypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>, the causative parasite of Chagas disease, by investigating the feeding patterns and natural infection rates of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> specimens collected from various wild palm species in the Colombian Orinoco region.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To achieve this objective, we sampled 35 individuals from three palm species (<jats:italic>Attalea butyracea<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acrocomia aculeata<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Mauritia flexuosa<\/jats:italic>) in a riparian forest in the Casanare department of eastern Colombia, totaling 105 sampled palm trees. DNA was extracted and analyzed from 115 <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> specimens at different developmental stages using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic> detection and identification of discrete typing units. Feeding preferences were determined by sequencing the 12S rRNA gene amplicon through next-generation sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 676 <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> specimens were collected from the sampled palms. The study revealed variation in population densities and developmental stages of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> among palm tree species, with higher densities observed in <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>butyracea<\/jats:italic> and lower densities in <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>flexuosa<\/jats:italic>. TcI was the exclusive <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic> discrete typing unit (DTU) found, with infection frequency positively correlated with <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> abundance. Insects captured in <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>butyracea<\/jats:italic> exhibited higher abundance and infection rates than those from other palm species. The feeding sources comprised 13 mammal species, showing no significant differences between palm species in terms of blood sources. However, <jats:italic>Didelphis marsupialis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> were present in all examined <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Dasypus novemcinctus<\/jats:italic> was found in 89.47% of the insects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights the significance of wild palms, particularly <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>butyracea<\/jats:italic>, as a substantial risk factor for <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>cruzi<\/jats:italic> transmission to humans in these environments. High population densities and infection rates of <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>prolixus<\/jats:italic> were observed in each examined palm tree species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T18:29:23Z","timestamp":1708453763000},"page":"e0011981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi by Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) infesting palm-tree species in the Colombian Orinoco, indicates risks to human populations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Plutarco","family":"Urbano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Vel\u00e1squez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"P\u00e1ez-Triana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Urrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angie","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos N.","family":"Ibarra-Cerde\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-9312","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan David","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011981.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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