{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:49:10Z","timestamp":1787827750496,"version":"build-2784847793"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000}}],"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1033712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1033712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP1154033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP1154033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INV-001785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INV-001785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"TrypanoGEN AAS\/Welcome","award":["post-doc grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["post-doc grant"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Strategies to detect Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) cases rely on serological screening of populations exposed to trypanosomes. In Guinea, mass medical screening surveys performed with the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis have been progressively replaced by door-to-door approaches using Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) since 2016. However, RDTs availability represents a major concern and medical teams must often adapt, even in the absence of prior RDT performance evaluation. For the last 5 years, the Guinean HAT National Control Program had to combine three different RDTs according to their availability and price: the SD Bioline HAT (not available anymore), the HAT Sero-K-SeT (most expensive), and recently the Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 (limited field evaluation). Here, we assess the performance of these RDTs, alone or in different combinations, through the analysis of both prospective and retrospective data. A parallel assessment showed a higher positivity rate of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 (6.0%, n = 2,250) as compared to HAT Sero-K-SeT (1.9%), with a combined positive predictive value (PPV) of 20.0%. However, an evaluation of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 alone revealed a low PPV of 3.9% (n = 6,930) which was surpassed when using Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 in first line and HAT Sero-K-SeT as a secondary test before confirmation, with a combined PPV reaching 44.4%. A retrospective evaluation of all 3 RDTs was then conducted on 189 plasma samples from the HAT-NCP biobank, confirming the higher sensitivity (94.0% [85.6\u201397.7%]) and lower specificity (83.6% [76.0\u201389.1%]) of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 as compared to SD Bioline HAT (Se 64.2% [52.2\u201374.6%]\u2014Sp 98.4% [94.2\u201399.5%]) and HAT Sero-K-SeT (Se 88.1% [78.2\u201393.8%]\u2014Sp 98.4% [94.2\u201399.5%]). A comparison of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 and malaria-RDT positivity rates on 479 subjects living in HAT-free malaria-endemic areas further revealed that a significantly higher proportion of subjects positive in Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 were also positive in malaria-RDT, suggesting a possible cross-reaction of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 with malaria-related biological factors in about 10% of malaria cases. This would explain, at least in part, the limited specificity of Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0. Overall, Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 seems suitable as first line RDT in combination with a second HAT RDT to prevent confirmatory lab overload and loss of suspects during referral for confirmation. A state-of-the-art prospective comparative study is further required for comparing all current and future HAT RDTs to propose an optimal combination of RDTs for door-to-door active screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T18:32:16Z","timestamp":1708453936000},"page":"e0011985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Conducting active screening for human African trypanosomiasis with rapid diagnostic tests: The Guinean experience (2016\u20132021)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Oumou","family":"Camara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Windingoudi","family":"Kabor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A\u00efssata","family":"Soumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Leno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Sam","family":"Bangoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"N\u2019Diaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien Marie Gaston","family":"Belem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Bi\u00e9ler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Mathieu","family":"Bart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-8999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brice","family":"Rotureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Bucheton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0011985.ref001","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis.","author":"P Buscher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011985.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0010047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010047","article-title":"The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Achievements in relation to WHO road map targets for 2020.","volume":"16","author":"JR Franco","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0011985.ref003","volume-title":"WHO. Accelerating Work to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Roadmap for Implementation.","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011985.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009163","article-title":"Accelerating elimination of sleeping sickness from the Guinean littoral through enhanced screening in the post-Ebola context: A retrospective analysis.","volume":"15","author":"O Camara","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0011985.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003480","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003480","article-title":"Accuracy of individual rapid tests for serodiagnosis of gambiense sleeping sickness in West Africa.","volume":"9","author":"V Jamonneau","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0011985.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006386","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection developed using recombinant antigens.","volume":"12","author":"C Lumbala","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0011985.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70203-7","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of HAT Sero-K-SeT, a rapid diagnostic test for serodiagnosis of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a case-control study","volume":"2","author":"P Buscher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0011985.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01076-1","article-title":"Performance of clinical signs and symptoms, rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.","volume":"12","author":"O Camara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0011985.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008168","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008168","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a prototype rapid diagnostic test for combined detection of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis and malaria.","volume":"14","author":"C Lumbala","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0011985.ref010","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Performance of HRP2-Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests","volume":"7","author":"X Martianez-Vendrell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000}}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T18:51:25Z","timestamp":1709319085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Claudia Ida","family":"Brodskyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","relation":{"new_version":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011985","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]}}}