{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T02:04:21Z","timestamp":1769825061292,"version":"3.49.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012000","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000}}],"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1S71721N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1S71721N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"Universiteit Antwerpen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFB220027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFB220027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007660","name":"Universiteit Antwerpen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FFB220027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FFB220027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007660","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ITM-DGDC"},{"name":"ITM-SOFI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is a major challenge for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) control, particularly in Ethiopia where the incidence of both pathogens is high. VL-HIV often leads to high rates of antileishmanial treatment failure and recurrent VL disease relapses. Considering the high prevalence of HIV and <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in the Ethiopian population, preventing the progression of asymptomatic <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection to disease would be a valuable asset to VL disease control and to the clinical management of people living with HIV (PLWH). However, such a strategy requires good understanding of risk factors for VL development. In immunocompetent individuals living in Brazil, India, or Iran, the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene region has been associated with VL development. We used NanoTYPE, an Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing-based HLA genotyping method, to detect associations between HLA genotype and VL development by comparing 78 PLWH with VL history and 46 PLWH that controlled a <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection, all living in a VL endemic region of North-West Ethiopia. We identified an association between HLA-A*03:01 and increased risk of VL development (OR = 3.89). These data provide candidate HLA alleles that can be further explored for inclusion in a potential <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> screen-and-treat strategy in VL endemic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T17:42:46Z","timestamp":1727718166000},"page":"e0012000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A preliminary indication that HLA-A*03:01 may be associated with visceral leishmaniasis development in people living with HIV in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7962-745X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicky","family":"de 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