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The development of new diagnostic antigens is essential to improve and refine existing methods. Our study evaluated the efficacy of two recombinant antigens in detecting specific antibodies in cattle. These antigens are derivatives of an invariant surface glycoprotein (ISG) from <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>. A fraction of a previously described antigen (TvY486_0045500), designated TvISGAf, from an African strain was evaluated, and a new ISG antigen from an American isolate, TvISGAm, was identified. The two antigens were expressed as fusion proteins in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>: TvISGAf was fused to the MBP-His-tag, and TvISGAm was obtained as a His-tag fused protein. An ELISA evaluation was conducted using these antigens on 149 positive and 63 negative bovine samples. The diagnostic performance was enhanced by the use of a combination of both antigens (referred to as TvISG-based ELISA), achieving a sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 93.8%. Following the validation of the TvISG-based ELISA, the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> infection in 892 field samples from cattle in the central region of Argentina was determined. The mean seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> was 53%, with variation ranging from 21% to 69% among the six departments studied. These results support the use of the TvISG ELISA as a valuable serological tool for the detection and monitoring of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> infection in cattle. Furthermore, we report for the first time the seroprevalence of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> in Argentina, which highlights the widespread endemic nature of the disease in the region. In order to effectively manage the increasing spread of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> in the vast livestock production areas of South America, it is essential to implement consistent surveillance programs and to adopt preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T17:47:57Z","timestamp":1719424077000},"page":"e0012020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Improved serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infections in cattle reveals high infection rates in the livestock regions of Argentina"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4536-920X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Iv\u00e1n Alejandro","family":"Bontempi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Gustavo","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luz Mar\u00eda","family":"Peverengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genaro Francisco","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mart\u00edn","family":"Allassia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Greif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Marcipar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012020.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04584-x","article-title":"Global distribution, host range and prevalence of Trypanosoma vivax: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"14","author":"E Fetene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"pntd.0012020.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(92)90045-Y","article-title":"Vector competence of Glossina pallidipes and G. morsitans centralis for Trypanosoma vivax","volume":"51","author":"SK Moloo","year":"1992","journal-title":"T. congolense and T. b. brucei. 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