{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:57:05Z","timestamp":1787021825274,"version":"build-2736575974"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012028","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000}}],"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health Mission, Govt of West Bengal","award":["Sanction No.: HFW\/NHM-446\/2016\/2503 dated 08.08.2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sanction No.: HFW\/NHM-446\/2016\/2503 dated 08.08.2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India is going through the maintenance phase of VL elimination programme which may be threatened by the persistence of hidden parasite pools among asymptomatic leishmanial infection (ALI) and PKDL. The present work was designed to determine the burden of VL, PKDL, and ALI and to assess the role of treatment of ALI in maintaining post-elimination phase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and finding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study was undertaken in Malda district, West Bengal, India during October 2016 to September 2021. Study areas were divided into \u2018Study\u2019 and \u2018Control\u2019 arms. VL and PKDL cases of both the arms were diagnosed by three active mass surveys with an interval of one year and treated as per National guideline. ALI of \u2018Study\u2019 arm was treated like VL. ALI of \u2018Control\u2019 arm was followed up to determine their fate. Fed sand-fly pools were analysed for parasitic DNA. No significant difference was noted between the incidence of VL and PKDL in both the arms. Incidence of ALI declined sharply in \u2018Study\u2019 arm but an increasing trend was observed in \u2018Control\u2019 arm. Significantly higher rate of sero-conversion was noted in \u2018Control\u2019 arm and was found to be associated with untreated ALI burden. Parasitic DNA was detected in 22.8% ALI cases and 2.2% sand-fly pools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistence of a significant number of PKDL and ALI and ongoing transmission, as evidenced by new infection and detection of leishmanial DNA in vector sand-flies, may threaten the maintenance of post-elimination phase. Emphasis should be given for elimination of pathogen to prevent resurgence of VL epidemics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]],"date-time":"2024-03-07T14:00:52Z","timestamp":1709820052000},"page":"e0012028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Challenges for maintaining post elimination phase of visceral leishmaniasis control programme in India: A field-based study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0894-3495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Subhasish Kamal","family":"Guha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashif Ali","family":"Sardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pabitra","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moytrey","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsuk","family":"Jana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwesha","family":"Samanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipankar","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanta","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardhendu Kumar","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012028.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis.","volume":"392","author":"S Burza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pntd.0012028.ref002","first-page":"467","article-title":"Vector control in leishmaniasis","volume":"123","author":"K Kishore","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian. 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