{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:35:43Z","timestamp":1792802143732,"version":"4.5.0"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012159","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000}}],"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021YFC2301202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2301202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Hebei Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C2022406003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C2022406003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Young Talent Program of Higher School in Hebei Province","award":["BJ2020024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BJ2020024"]}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Chengde Medical University","award":["202001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bzkv281","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rodents are recognized as the hosts of many vector-borne bacteria and protozoan parasites and play an important role in their transmission and maintenance. Intensive studies have focused on their infections in vectors, especially in ticks, however, vector-borne bacterial and protozoan infections in rodents are poorly understood although human cases presenting with fever may due to their infection have been found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From May to October 2019, 192 wild rodents were trapped in wild environment of Guangxi Province, and the spleen samples were collected to reveal the presence of vector-borne bacterial and protozoan infections in them. The microorganisms in rodents were identified by detecting their DNA using (semi-)nested PCR. All the PCR products of the expected size were subjected to sequencing, and then analyzed by BLASTn. Furthermore, all the recovered sequences were subjected to nucleotide identity and phylogenetic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      As a result, 192 rodents representing seven species were captured, and\n                      <jats:italic>Bandicota indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the dominant species, followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Rattus andamanensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Based on the (semi-)nested PCR, our results suggested that\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma capra<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Neoehrlichia mikurensis\u201d, \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      E. hainanensis\u201d, \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      E. zunyiensis\u201d, three uncultured\n                      <jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella coopersplainsensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella tribocorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella rattimassiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella silvatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , two uncultured\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.,\n                      <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                      and diverse\n                      <jats:italic>Hepatozoon<\/jats:italic>\n                      were identified in six rodent species. More importantly, six species (including two\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                      , two\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                      . N. mikurensis\u201d and\n                      <jats:italic>Bab<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>microti<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) are zoonotic pathogens except\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Anaplasma ovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      with zoonotic potential. Furthermore, dual infection was observed between different microorganisms, and the most common type of co-infection is between \u201c\n                      <jats:italic>Ca<\/jats:italic>\n                      . N. mikurensis\u201d and other microorganisms. Additionally, potential novel\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species and\n                      <jats:italic>Hepatozoon<\/jats:italic>\n                      species demonstrated the presence of more diverse rodent-associated\n                      <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Hepatozoon<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results in this work indicated great genetic diversity of vector-borne infections in wild rodents, and highlighted the potential risk of human pathogens transmitted from rodents to humans through vectors.<\/jats:p>\n                  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