{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:55:57Z","timestamp":1790362557984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia","award":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-GR1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKL-HIDCA-2022-GR1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82260399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Key Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022B03014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B03014"]}]},{"name":"Key Scientific and Technological Projects in Key Areas of XPCC","award":["2022AB014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AB014"]}]},{"name":"the Pearl River Talent Plan in Guangdong Province of China","award":["2019CX01N111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CX01N111"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Shihezi University","award":["ZZZC202191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZZZC202191"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of President of Tarim University","award":["TDZKSS202102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TDZKSS202102"]}]},{"name":"Investigation and analysis of hope level and Influencing factors of patients with digestive tract malignant tumors","award":["2233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2233"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tacheng tick virus 2 (TcTV-2) is an emerging tick-borne virus belonging to the genus Uukuvirus in the family Phenuiviridae. Initially isolated in 2019 from a patient in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), northwestern China, who developed fever and headache after a tick bite, TcTV-2 was concurrently molecularly detected in hard ticks across various countries, including China, Kazakhstan, Romania, and Turkey. This study conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of TcTV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, we collected samples from 47 tick-bitten patients, 984 herdsmen, 7 Asian badgers, 13 red foxes, and 168 <jats:italic>Hyalomma asiaticum<\/jats:italic> tick egg batches. Patients\u2019 samples were primarily analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing, targeting the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and viral cDNA libraries. Typical tick-borne pathogens were further confirmed using RT-PCR and detected in Asian badgers, red foxes and <jats:italic>Hy<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>asiaticum<\/jats:italic> tick egg batches. We also conducted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detected specific IgM and IgG antibodies against TcTV-2 in herdsmen. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to genetically characterize TcTV-2 detected in this study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>TcTV-2 was detected in various samples, including blood, urine, and throat swabs from 12.77% (6\/47) tick-bitten patients. It was found in blood samples of 14.29% (1\/7) of wild badgers, 7.69% (1\/13) of red foxes, and 13.69% (23\/168) of <jats:italic>Hy<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>asiaticum<\/jats:italic> egg batches. Furthermore, ELISA results revealed that 9.55% (94\/984) of the serum samples (34 from males and 60 from females) were tested positive for TcTV-2-specific IgG, while 2.95% (29\/984, 7 males and 22 females) showed positivity for TcTV-2-specific IgM. Additionally, 1.02% (10\/984, 4 males and 6 females) of the sera tested positive for both TcTV-2-specific IgM and IgG. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TcTV-2 strains detected in this study were genetically similar, regardless of their origin and host species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Clinical symptoms of TcTV-2 infection in patients are nonspecific, with common symptoms including headache, fever, asthenia, vomiting, myalgia, rash, and meningitis-like signs. TcTV-2 can be detected in blood, urine, and throat swab samples of infected patients. Among local herdsmen, 9.55% tested positive for TcTV-2-specific IgG and 2.95% for TcTV-2-specific IgM. Importantly, TcTV-2 can be transovarially transmitted in <jats:italic>Hy<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>asiaticum<\/jats:italic> ticks, and the Asian badgers and red foxes are potential reservoirs of TcTV-2.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T17:21:51Z","timestamp":1718299311000},"page":"e0012168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical and historical infection of Tacheng tick virus 2: A retrospective investigation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanchen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songsong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-022X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012168.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27618","article-title":"Highly adaptive Phenuiviridae with biomedical importance in multiple fields","volume":"94","author":"MH Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012168.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009315","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009315","article-title":"Genomic characterization of 99 viruses from the bunyavirus families Nairoviridae, Peribunyaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, including 35 previously unsequenced viruses","volume":"17","author":"ML Kapuscinski","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012168.ref003","first-page":"337","article-title":"Recent advance in phlebovirus","volume":"29","author":"GY Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chin J Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012168.ref004","first-page":"756","article-title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among domesticated animals","volume":"19","author":"G Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"China Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012168.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0093-2","article-title":"A novel tick-borne phlebovirus, closely related to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and Heartland virus, is a potential pathogen","volume":"7","author":"S Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012168.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz602","article-title":"A tentative Tamdy Orthonairovirus related to febrile illness in Northwestern China","volume":"70","author":"X Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012168.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.191486","article-title":"Human Tacheng tick virus 2 infection, China, 2019","volume":"27","author":"Z Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012168.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0082","article-title":"Several tick-borne pathogenic viruses in circulation in Anatolia","volume":"22","author":"E Din\u00e7er","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turkey Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012168.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14105","article-title":"The virome of Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Haemaphysalis ticks from Eastern Romania includes novel viruses with potential relevance for public health","volume":"69","author":"BE Bratuleanu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012168.ref010","first-page":"139","article-title":"First detection of Tacheng tick virus 2 in hard ticks from Southeastern Kazakhstan","volume":"28","author":"Y Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012168.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012168.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04718-1","article-title":"Rickettsiae in red fox (Vulpes vulpes), marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) and their ticks in northwestern China","volume":"14","author":"G Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012168.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.081449","article-title":"Rickettsia slovaca and R. raoultii in tick-borne rickettsioses","volume":"15","author":"P Parola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012168.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.08.006","article-title":"Emerging spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, northwestern China","volume":"7","author":"LP Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012168.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3233-6","article-title":"Diversity of Rickettsia species in border regions of northwestern China","volume":"11","author":"S Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012168.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1090","article-title":"Serologic Survey of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in Hunter-Harvested White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), New York State","volume":"104","author":"AP Dupuis","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012168.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-019-0569-x","article-title":"Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in animals in Henan Province, China","volume":"8","author":"XY Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"16","key":"pntd.0012168.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010095","article-title":"Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China","volume":"364","author":"XJ Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"pntd.0012168.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805068","article-title":"A New Segmented Virus Associated with Human Febrile Illness in China","volume":"380","author":"ZD Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T17:22:25Z","timestamp":1718299345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012168"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anita K.","family":"McElroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012168","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}