{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:30:46Z","timestamp":1767180646652,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012237","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719532800000}}],"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","award":["860-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["860-2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020907","name":"Instituto Nacional de Salud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020907","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020905","name":"Universidad de La Salle","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020905","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease and public health concern, is associated with various factors such as biological, social, economical conditions and climate, increasing the risk of human infection. Understanding the population dynamics of the vectors, like\n Pintomyia longiflocosa<\/jats:italic>\n , and its relationship with ecological variables is crucial for developing effective strategies to control sand fly populations and combat cutaneous leishmaniasis in a tropical country like Colombia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n Adult sand flies were collected in three different sample locations: outdoor, indoor, and peri-domestic areas in three houses located in the rural settlement of Campoalegre (Huila) between February 2020 and February 2021, using the CDC light traps. The sand fly density was quantified and associated with the sample locations and the sampling months using Analysis of Variance and Pearson correlations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n \n In the period of the sample, 98.86% of sand fly collected was identified as\n Pi<\/jats:italic>\n .\n longiflocosa<\/jats:italic>\n . The density of this species was significantly different between males and females, the latter contributing more to density in all sample locations (\n P<<\/jats:italic>\n 0.0001). The outdoor was the sample location with the highest and most significative density in this study (70%,\n P =<\/jats:italic>\n 0.04). The density of these sand flies is related to the seasonality of Campoalegre, revealing a density peak from February and June to October (\n P <<\/jats:italic>\n 0.05). Finally, precipitation is the environmental variable prominently linked to the density pattern, showing a negative correlation with it. Months with the highest precipitations show the lowest values of\n Pi<\/jats:italic>\n .\n longiflocosa<\/jats:italic>\n abundance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions\/Signicance<\/jats:title>\n \n Our investigation reveals a inverse correlation between precipitation levels and the abundance of\n Pi<\/jats:italic>\n .\n longiflocosa<\/jats:italic>\n in Campoalegre (Huila), particularly in outdoor areas. This suggests that vector control strategies to periods of reduced precipitation in outdoor settings could offer an effective approach to minimizing cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T14:16:38Z","timestamp":1718633798000},"page":"e0012237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spatio\u2014Temporal distribution of a vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Pintomyia longiflocosa, in a population from the Colombian Andean Mountains"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-222X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Astrid","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Vargas Durango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gelys","family":"Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Santamaria Herre\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas E.","family":"Escovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012237.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S146521","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in humans: drug or vaccine therapy?","volume":"12","author":"M Ghorbani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"pntd.0012237.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.021","article-title":"Worldwide risk factors in leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"A Oryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"pntd.0012237.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762295","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2021.762295","article-title":"Distribution and Diversity of Sand Fly Species (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Two Geoclimatic Zones of Chad","volume":"2","author":"DK Isra\u00ebl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012237.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006419","article-title":"Geospatial-temporal distribution of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Colombia (2007\u20132016)","volume":"12","author":"G Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012237.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40475-021-00232-7","article-title":"A Review of Leishmaniasis: Current Knowledge and Future Directions","volume":"8","author":"S Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"pntd.0012237.ref006","article-title":"Global leishmaniasis surveillance: 2021, assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"2022","author":"JA Ruiz-Postigo","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012237.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0452","article-title":"Current knowledge of Leishmania vectors in Mexico: how geographic distributions of species relate to transmission areas","volume":"85","author":"C Gonzalez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"pntd.0012237.ref008","article-title":"Valoraci\u00f3n de la ecoepidemiolog\u00eda de la leishmaniasis en Colombia a partir de la distribuci\u00f3n espacial y ecol\u00f3gica de los insectos vectores","volume":"31","author":"C Ferro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"pntd.0012237.ref009","unstructured":"Organization PAH. 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