{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T19:04:38Z","timestamp":1784401478310,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fasciolosis caused by <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> is a major public health and economic problem worldwide. Due to the lack of a successful vaccine and emerging resistance to the drug triclabendazole, alternative phytotherapeutic approaches are being investigated. This study investigated the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> anthelmintic activity of Lavender (<jats:italic>Lavandula angustifolia<\/jats:italic>) and carob (<jats:italic>Ceratonia siliqua L<\/jats:italic>.) essential oils (EOs) against <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic>. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study was based on an egg hatch assay (EHA), adult motility inhibition assays, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level along with several oxidative stress biomarkers including glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). To this end, different concentrations of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>angustifolia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>siliqua<\/jats:italic> EOs (1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mg\/mL) were used to assess anthelmintic effects on different life stages including egg, and adults of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic> for 24 hrs. The results indicated that these EOs play a significant role as anthelminthics, and the effect was dependent on time and concentration. The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> treatment of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic> worms with both <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>angustifolia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>siliqua<\/jats:italic> EOs increased DNA damage, ROS production and induction of oxidative stress (decreased SOD, GST and GSH, and increased MDA), significantly compared to control. Therefore, it can be concluded that <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>angustifolia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>siliqua<\/jats:italic> EOs have the potential to be used as novel agents for the control and treatment of <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>hepatica<\/jats:italic> infections. Further studies are required to investigate their pharmacological potential and effectiveness <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> for the treatment of parasitic infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T17:24:27Z","timestamp":1718645067000},"page":"e0012251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Anthelmintic effects of some medicinal plants on different life stages of Fasciola hepatica: Evidence on oxidative stress biomarkers, and DNA damage"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mohaddeseh","family":"Allahyari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4809-3782","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farnaz","family":"Malekifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Yakhchali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(09)69002-3","article-title":"Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control","volume":"69","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4322\/rbpv.01802006","article-title":"Occurrence of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) infection in Brazilian cattle of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"18","author":"S Lima W dos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.107810","article-title":"Generation of oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic like events in curcumin and thymoquinone treated adult Fasciola gigantica worms","volume":"209","author":"A Rehman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.03.002","article-title":"Current threat of triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica","volume":"32","author":"JM Kelley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-282","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola hepatica in sheep in the northwest of Spain: relation to climatic conditions and\/or man-made environmental modifications","volume":"6","author":"M Mart\u00ednez-Valladares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/iahs.iahs_143_20","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-helmintic activity of Zingiber officinale roscoe extract on Fasciola hepatica miracidia In vitro","volume":"8","author":"A Ghafari","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Archives of Health Sciences"},{"key":"pntd.0012251.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0476","article-title":"Peru CWG in. 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