{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:49:55Z","timestamp":1789156195263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["314927\/2020-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314927\/2020-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["315180\/2023-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["315180\/2023-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ascaris suum<\/jats:italic> are nematode parasites that infect millions of people and pigs worldwide, respectively. Reports of cross-infection and hybridization between the two species has stimulated molecular epidemiological studies of the <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> genus. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> transmission between Guarani indigenous schoolchildren, pigs, and the environment of a village in the state of Paran\u00e1, southern Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Parasitological and molecular analyses of fecal samples from humans and pigs, and soil samples from the village were carried out. Eggs of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. were observed in 8.4% (7\/83) of human samples, 44.4% (8\/18) of pig samples, and 8.9% (6\/68) of soil samples. PCR amplification of the <jats:italic>ITS-1<\/jats:italic> locus of the rDNA gene in samples that were positive in the parasitological examination revealed mixed infection and\/or hybrids of the two species, <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suum<\/jats:italic>, in human and swine hosts. The soil, which was contaminated by both human and swine feces, also contained eggs of the two <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> species and hybrids, thus constituting a source of <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> infection for both hosts. DNA from <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>suum<\/jats:italic>, individually, was detected in samples from humans and pigs, respectively, and the soil, while DNA from hybrid and\/or <jats:italic>Ascaris<\/jats:italic> spp. was detected in samples from both hosts and the soil.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study confirm the necessity of a One Health approach with the correct disposal of both human and animal feces to control the spread of human and swine ascariasis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T18:26:16Z","timestamp":1738866376000},"page":"e0012271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Hybrid and\/or mixed infection by pig and human Ascaris in a Guarani indigenous village in southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Veridiana Lenartovicz","family":"Boeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Coltro","family":"Bezagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Silva de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinaldo Ferreira","family":"Gandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula de","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano Lara","family":"Massara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Maria","family":"Colli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6314-8668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Max Jean de Ornelas","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012271.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010.","volume":"7","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors."},{"key":"pntd.0012271.ref002","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2018, 2019 Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME Seattle, WA: IHME). 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