{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1792623242238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> is causing infections in both humans and animals, resulting in Q fever and Coxiellosis, respectively. Information on the occurrence of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection is scarce in Ethiopia. This study estimated the sero-prevalence of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection and associated risk factors in four common livestock species from Addis Ababa, Adama, and Modjo abattoirs and pastoral areas of Oromia, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Results\/principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sera samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies using an indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. Out of the 4140 serum samples tested, 777 (18.77%; 95% CI: 17.59, 19.99) were found positive for <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic>. The sero-prevalence estimate was 27.17% at Addis Ababa abattoir, 19.41% at Adama abattoir, 19.13% at Modjo abattoir and 12.1% in animals tested from pastoral areas. Sera analysis at the animal species level showed that cattle exhibited the lowest sero-prevalence estimate (11.83%; 95% CI, 10.27\u201313.53%), while the highest was observed in camels (28.39%; 95% CI, 25.16\u201331.80%). The sero-prevalence estimate was 21.34% (95% CI, 18.86\u201323.99%) in goats and 20.17% (95% CI, 17.49\u201323.07%) in sheep. The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that species, age, sex of animals and tick infestation were important risk factors for <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection. The odds of infection were 3.22 times higher in camels and almost twice as high in goats and sheep compared to cattle. Adult animals were infected more likely (OR = 3.23) than young ones. Interestingly, a significant difference was observed in the sero-prevalence of infection between animals that were infested with ticks (OR = 16.32) and those which were tick-free.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study provides valuable insights into the sero-epidemiology of <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection in four common livestock species at major abattoirs and pastoral areas of Ethiopia. The findings highlight the need for further studies and implementing surveillance and biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of the disease in both humans and livestock to safeguard the economical and public health aspects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T17:21:20Z","timestamp":1721150480000},"page":"e0012287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A sero-epidemiological analysis of Coxiella burnetii infection and its risk factors in livestock from Addis Ababa, Adama, and Modjo abattoirs and pastoral areas of Oromia, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ashenafi","family":"Milkesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Rufael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew","family":"Kinfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Redeat","family":"Belaineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdella","family":"Bulbula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Naimuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshale","family":"Sori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-7689","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hunduma","family":"Dinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"pntd.0012287.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081530","article-title":"Q fever-a neglected zoonosis.","volume":"10","author":"Q Ullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"pntd.0012287.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2023.100568","article-title":"A review of coxiellosis (Q fever) and brucellosis in goats and humans: Implications for disease control in Smallholder Farming Systems in Southeast Asia.","volume":"16","author":"RJL Burns","year":"2023","journal-title":"One Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012287.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0169","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii in humans, domestic ruminants, and ticks in rural western Kenya","volume":"88","author":"DL Knobel","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012287.ref004","first-page":"429","article-title":"Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii Cattle Abortion: A One-Year Observational Study. 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