{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:37:34Z","timestamp":1790620654734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coalition for Operational Research on Neglected Tropical Diseases","award":["NTD-SC #165D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTD-SC #165D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF) are among the most disabling neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that affect the citizens of Mozambique, especially in the Northern provinces. The irreversible impairments caused by these NTDs often lead to psychosocial consequences, including poor mental wellbeing, stigma and reduced social participation. Limited data on these consequences are available for Mozambique, which are urgently needed to better understand the true disease burden and support advocacy for scaling up interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted. Mental distress was assessed with the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), participation restriction was assessed with the Participation Scale Short (PSS) and perceived stigma was assessed with the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue affected persons stigma scale (EMIC-AP). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with persons affected by leprosy or LF.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In total, 127 persons affected by leprosy and 184 persons affected by LF were included in the quantitative portion of the study. For the qualitative portion, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted. In both disease groups, mental distress was found in 70% of participants. Moreover, 80% of persons affected by leprosy and 90% of persons affected by LF perceived stigma. Moderate to extreme participation restriction was found in approximately 43% of persons affected by leprosy and in 26% of the persons affected by LF. Persons affected by leprosy and LF felt excluded from society and experienced financial problems. More severe disabilities were associated with more severe outcomes for mental wellbeing, participation restriction and stigma. By contrast, participation in a self-care group was suggested to have a positive impact on these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The findings provide evidence that persons affected by leprosy and LF must not only confront physical impairments but also experience significant disability in the psychosocial domain, including mental distress, participation restriction and stigma. These challenges must be urgently addressed by NTD programmes to promote the inclusion and wellbeing of persons affected by NTDs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T17:31:30Z","timestamp":1723570290000},"page":"e0012342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Leprosy and lymphatic filariasis-related disability and psychosocial burden in northern Mozambique"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0969-4155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robin","family":"van Wijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litos","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domingos","family":"Nicala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Stakteas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Cumbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto","family":"Muquingue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Cliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van Brakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur Manuel","family":"Muloliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref001","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021\u20132030. Geneva; 2020. Accessed January 7, 2022."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref002","unstructured":"Uniting to Combat NTDs. Mozambique and neglected tropical diseases\u2014Mass Treatment Coverage for NTDs\u20142016. 2018."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref003","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Leprosy factsheet [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jan 2]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/leprosy"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18394","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v5i0.18394","article-title":"Disability in people affected by leprosy: the role of impairment, activity, social participation, stigma and discrimination","volume":"5","author":"WH van Brakel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref005","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Lymphatic filariasis factsheet [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 2]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/lymphatic-filariasis"},{"issue":"5","key":"pntd.0012342.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2018.0063","article-title":"Comparison of staging systems to assess lymphedema caused by cancer therapies, lymphatic filariasis, and podoconiosis","volume":"17","author":"J Douglass","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lymphat Res Biol"},{"issue":"06","key":"pntd.0012342.ref007","first-page":"1","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"B Grau-Pujol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref008","unstructured":"World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/ntddata\/leprosy\/leprosy.html. 2023. Leprosy: number of new leprosy cases 2019."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref009","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio de Sa\u00fade Mo\u00e7ambique. News Report Deputy Minister of Health. 2021;"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/ntddata\/lf\/lf.html. 2023. Lymphatic filariasis: status of mass drug administration 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012342.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz036","article-title":"People are neglected, not diseases: the relationship between disability and neglected tropical diseases","volume":"113","author":"LC Hamill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5463\/dcid.v22i1.15","article-title":"Quality of life, perceived stigma, activity and participation of people with leprosy-related disabilities in south-east Nepal","volume":"22","author":"C Brouwers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i53","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihv071","article-title":"Social stigma towards neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"K Hofstraat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.93.1.12","article-title":"Factors influencing the mental wellbeing of persons affected by leprosy in Far-Western Nepal","volume":"93","author":"L Pierneef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1017\/gmh.2020.3","article-title":"The impact of leprosy on the mental wellbeing of leprosy-affected persons and their family members\u2013a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"PMW Somar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Mental Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"pntd.0012342.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009492","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009492","article-title":"The impact of podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis, and leprosy on disability and mental well-being: A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"O Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Mental health of people with neglected tropical diseases: towards a person-centred approach. World Health Organization; 2020. Accessed January 7, 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012342.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa160","article-title":"Disability, mental health, stigma and discrimination and neglected tropical diseases","volume":"115","author":"H Kuper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i7","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihw001","article-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases, Cross-Cutting Issues Workshop, 4\u20136 February 2015, Utrecht, the Netherlands: meeting report","volume":"8","author":"LF Mieras","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref020","unstructured":"Gilman J, Myatt M. EpiCalc 2000. Version 1.02. Brixton Books. London, United Kingdom. 1998."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref021","unstructured":"Vanderbilt. Project REDCap. 2020."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. User\u2019s guide to the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). 1994."},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012342.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280500192785","article-title":"The Participation Scale: Measuring a key concept in public health","volume":"28","author":"WH Van Brakel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012342.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.506942","article-title":"Measuring leprosy-related stigma\u2013a pilot study to validate a toolkit of instruments","volume":"33","author":"C Rensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012342.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.014","article-title":"The quality of life, mental health, and perceived stigma of leprosy patients in Bangladesh","volume":"64","author":"A Tsutsumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-018-0242-y","article-title":"Validation of the WHO self-reporting questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) item in primary health care settings in Eritrea","volume":"12","author":"TB Netsereab","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Syst"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-11-116","article-title":"Psychometric properties and longitudinal validation of the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) in a Rwandan community setting: a validation study","volume":"11","author":"WF Scholte","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901006010004","article-title":"Comparative validity of screening instruments for mental distress in Zambia","volume":"6","author":"PJ Chipimo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012342.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.160.6.819","article-title":"The Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). Contribution to cross-cultural research methods from a study of leprosy and mental health","volume":"160","author":"MG Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500600595160","article-title":"Measuring health-related stigma\u2014a literature review","volume":"11","author":"WH Van Brakel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref031","unstructured":"International Federation of Anti-Leprosy Associations and Neglected Tropical Disease NGO Network. Guides on Stigma and Mental Wellbeing. [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 2]. stigmaguides.org"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref032","unstructured":"Prevention C for DC and. Community health assessment aNd group evaluation (CHANGE) action guide: building a foundation of knowledge to prioritize community needs. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services. 2010;"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref033","unstructured":"Organization WH. Lymphatic filariasis: managing morbidity and preventing disability: an aide-m\u00e9moire for national programme managers. World Health Organization; 2013."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NTD NGO Network. Disease Management, Disability and Inclusion [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jan 6]. disease management, disability, and inclusion (DMDI). This also represents tertiary prevention that includes psychological and socioeconomic support for people with disabling conditions to ensure that they have equal access to rehabilitation services and opportunities for health, education, and income.","DOI":"10.69645\/VLAV6400"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.86.3.229","article-title":"Application of the SRQ20 and the protocol of psychological assessment in patients with leprosy in a Reference Centre in Brazil","volume":"86","author":"MADS Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref036","unstructured":"Vos-Klootwijk L de. Cross-Cultural validation of two scales to assess stigma and social participation in leprosy-affected persons in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.86.1.54","article-title":"Comparing the perception of community members towards leprosy and tuberculosis stigmatisation","volume":"86","author":"S Sermrittirong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012342.ref038","first-page":"218","article-title":"Stigmatizing neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"LM Alonso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Medicine"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref039","unstructured":"Wilsher E. The impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases, and their associated stigma, on people\u2019s basic capabilities. 2011."},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref040","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Leprosy NTD data [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jan 6]. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/ntddata\/leprosy\/leprosy.html"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.93.3.197","article-title":"Leprosy indicators and diagnosis delay in Mogovolas, Meconta and Murrupula district of Nampula Province, Mozambique: A baseline survey","volume":"93","author":"A Marega","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i100","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad003","article-title":"Exploring the well-being of people affected by skin NTDs in Kaduna and Kwara States, Nigeria: a photovoice and scoping review study","volume":"15","author":"O Adekeye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008173","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008173","article-title":"The impact of leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis on family quality of life: A qualitative study in Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"14","author":"AT van \u2018t Noordende","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref044","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stigma Related to Leprosy\u2014A Scientific View","volume":"1","author":"WH van Brakel","year":"2019","journal-title":"The International Textbook of Leprosy"},{"issue":"9","key":"pntd.0012342.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0239186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0239186","article-title":"Psychometric assessment of the EMIC Stigma Scale for Brazilians affected by leprosy","volume":"15","author":"F Frota da Rocha Morgado","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012342.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2940","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002940","article-title":"Factors affecting perceived stigma in leprosy affected persons in western Nepal","volume":"8","author":"B Adhikari","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012342.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001250","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001250","article-title":"Changing stigmatisation of leprosy: an exploratory, qualitative life course study in Western Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"B Ebenso","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3959-6","article-title":"The social, physical and economic impact of lymphedema and hydrocele: a matched cross-sectional study in rural Nigeria","volume":"19","author":"OA Eneanya","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref049","first-page":"27","article-title":"Emotional difficulties and experiences of stigma among persons with lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria","volume":"20","author":"J Abdulmalik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815275","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2020.1815275","article-title":"Depression and mental wellbeing in people affected by leprosy in southern Nepal","volume":"13","author":"MMAR van Dorst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.92.1.59","article-title":"Mental wellbeing among people affected by leprosy in the Terai region, Nepal","volume":"92","author":"WJ Van Netten","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"pntd.0012342.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005567","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and associated clinical and socio-demographic factors in people living with lymphatic filariasis in Plateau State, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"J Obindo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"9801","key":"pntd.0012342.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60754-X","article-title":"Poverty and mental disorders: breaking the cycle in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"C Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012342.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.2.243","article-title":"Guilt: an interpersonal approach","volume":"115","author":"RF Baumeister","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.3.593","article-title":"Contingencies of self-worth","volume":"108","author":"J Crocker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1178-7","article-title":"Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis","volume":"51","author":"T Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012342.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.006","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of the relationships between illness insight, internalized stigma, and suicide risk in individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"AY Sharaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-016-0698-1","article-title":"Self-stigma and suicidality: a longitudinal study","volume":"267","author":"N Oexle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"pntd.0012342.ref059","article-title":"The reciprocal relationship between suicidality and stigma","volume":"35","author":"B Carpiniello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pntd.0012342.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.84.4.283","article-title":"Self-care groups of leprosy-affected people in Mozambique","volume":"84","author":"S Deepak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.86.1.89","article-title":"Mozambique Country Profile","volume":"86","author":"A. De Kruijff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"pntd.0012342.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005088","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005088","article-title":"The impact of a rights-based counselling intervention to reduce stigma in people affected by leprosy in Indonesia","volume":"10","author":"M Lusli","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"pntd.0012342.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.47276\/lr.88.1.2","article-title":"Impact of socio-economic development, contact and peer counselling on stigma against persons affected by leprosy in Cirebon, Indonesia-a randomised controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"D Dadun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"issue":"Supplement_3","key":"pntd.0012342.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii59","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/ihad096","article-title":"Impact of basic psychological support on stigma and mental well-being of people with disabilities due to leprosy and lymphatic filariasis: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"15","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pntd.0012342.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764006061251","article-title":"The Vietnamese version of the Self Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) in detecting mental disorders in rural Vietnam: a validation study","volume":"52","author":"KB Giang","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012342","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T17:32:10Z","timestamp":1723570330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012342"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Lynne","family":"Elson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012342","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-2735"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-2735","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]}}}