{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T11:55:34Z","timestamp":1767182134485,"version":"build-2238731810"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012374","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000}}],"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Leprosy affects various organs in addition to skin, eyes, and peripheral nerves. Testicular involvement in leprosy patients is common and causes disturbance in endocrine function of the testis and results in hypogonadism. Hypogonadism is frequently undiagnosed and underreported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess hypogonadism and associated factors among leprosy patients at Alert Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study design was used in which consecutive 146 male leprosy patients aged between 18 to 65 years attending outpatient follow-up at leprosy outpatient clinic were included. Data was gathered both from patient charts and through patients\u2019 interviews. Androgen deficiency symptoms were assessed by androgen deficiency in the aging male questionnaire, and 5ml of blood samples were taken from study participants and serum total testosterone, LH, and FSH were analyzed by Electrochemiluminescence method. Statistical correlation was assessed by Spearman correlation. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the independent factors associated with hypogonadism and P-value &lt;0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of hypogonadism was 39 (26.7%). Out of this, 34 (87.2%) had primary hypogonadism, whereas 5 (12.8%) had secondary hypogonadism. Total testosterone was inversely correlated with Body mass index (r = -0.37, p = 0.002), Luteinizing hormone (r = -0.43, p &lt;0.001), and Follicular stimulating hormone (r = -0.42, p&lt; 0.001). However, Total testosterone was not significantly correlated with age (r = -0.019, p = 0.81). BMI [AOR = 1.32, 95%CI (1.16\u20131.51)] and grade-II disability [AOR = 3.80, 95%CI (1.23\u201311.64)] were identified as independent risk factors for hypogonadism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nearly one-fourth of male leprosy patients had hypogonadism. Overweight and grade-II disability were independent risk factors for hypogonadism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T13:44:26Z","timestamp":1722865466000},"page":"e0012374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hypogonadism and associated factors among male Leprosy patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1908-5844","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nafyad Tolossa","family":"Urgie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miftah Oumer","family":"Surur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimelis","family":"Nigussie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beniam","family":"Worku Yigazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidist","family":"Bobosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abebaye","family":"Aragaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Getahun","family":"Shibru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012374.ref001","author":"CDC","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hansen\u2019s Disease (Leprosy)"},{"key":"pntd.0012374.ref002","author":"L. 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Endocrine Society"},{"key":"pntd.0012374.ref008","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction and adult onset hypogonadism in leprosy: cross-sectional, control group study.","author":"H Guler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lepr Rev"},{"key":"pntd.0012374.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2021.11.016","article-title":"Epidemiology of Male Hypogonadism.","volume":"51","author":"A Thirumalai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders"},{"key":"pntd.0012374.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S285434","article-title":"Burden of male hypogonadism and major comorbidities, and the clinical, economic, and humanistic benefits of testosterone therapy: A narrative review.","volume":"13","author":"S Yeo","year":"2021","journal-title":"ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research. 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