{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T07:25:45Z","timestamp":1790148345934,"version":"4.0.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012426","type":"new_version","label":"New version","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000}}],"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CONACYT-FOSISS-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONACYT-FOSISS-2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013394","name":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CONAHCYT-FORDECYT.PRONACES\/6681\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CONAHCYT-FORDECYT.PRONACES\/6681\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013394","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is a serious public health problem in Southern Mexico. Six species of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) have been found to be infected with <jats:italic>Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana<\/jats:italic>, the causative agent of LCL in the region. However, little is known about the biology and potential participation of <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic> in the <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> transmission cycle in Mexico, and the Americas. The present study provides evidence of temporal infection caused by <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic> as well as data on its population dynamics in a LCL endemic area during the well-known transmission cycle of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> in Southern Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology\/Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Individual specimens of <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic> were collected in four sites over the course of five months (from November 2020 through March 2021) using animal-baited, human-baited, and light traps. The temporal activity pattern (month + hour) of <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic> was assessed along with its relationship with environmental variables. Moreover, <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> DNA and blood meals were analyzed and detected in female sand flies. This evidenced an infection rate ranging from 8% to 83%, and the record of <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ototylomys phyllotis<\/jats:italic> as blood hosts of this sand fly species. High abundances of these sand flies in human-baited traps were recorded which revealed the marked anthropophilic behavior of <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic>. As regards the transmission dynamics of the parasite within the region, it was observed that the potential highest epidemiological risk for <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> transmission by <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic> occurred during the months of January and March.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first contribution ever made to both the population dynamic and the temporal <jats:italic>Leishmani<\/jats:italic>a prevalence patterns in <jats:italic>Psathyromyia cratifer<\/jats:italic>. The resulting findings suggest that this sand fly specimen is the sixth potential vector of <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>(L<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>) mexicana<\/jats:italic> in Southern Mexico. Nonetheless, various biology, behavior, and ecology strands are yet to be addressed. The latter, to determine the role it plays in the transmission dynamics of the parasite within the region, and other areas of the country.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T17:33:12Z","timestamp":1725989592000},"page":"e0012426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Abundance and Leishmania infection patterns of the sand fly Psathyromyia cratifer in Southern Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2922-1240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Celia","family":"Montes de Oca-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith A.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina B.","family":"L\u00f3pez-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariela Isabel","family":"Pav\u00f3n-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika I.","family":"Sosa-Bibiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Rebollar-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Palacio-Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Rangel-Escare\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsy Nalleli","family":"Lor\u00eda-Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012426.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700001","article-title":"Proven and putative vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil: aspects of their biology and vectorial competence.","volume":"104","author":"EF Rangel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mem do Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"pntd.0012426.ref002","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Brazilian Sand Flies (pp. 1\u20138)","author":"WA Costa","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0012426.ref003","volume-title":"Drug Resistance in Leishmania Parasites","author":"O Zerpa","year":"2018"},{"key":"pntd.0012426.ref004","unstructured":"WHO. 2018. 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