{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:29:36Z","timestamp":1791944976049,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF 2020R1I1A2074562"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF 2020R1I1A2074562"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008005","name":"Yonsei University College of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-2022-0125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-2022-0125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI23C1527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C1527"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosntds.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Negl Trop Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant portion of South Korea\u2019s population, approximately a quarter, owns pets, with dogs being the most popular choice among them. However, studies analyzing the fecal organism communities of dogs in South Korea are lacking, and limited efforts have been exerted to identify pathogens with potential zoonotic implications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential pathogens using metabarcoding analysis and evaluate the risk of zoonotic diseases in dog feces in Seoul, South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal samples were collected from both pet and stray dogs in the Mapo district of Seoul. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was utilized, employing 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to identify prokaryotic pathogens, and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing for eukaryotic pathogens. The data obtained from the QIIME2 pipeline were subjected to various statistical analyses to identify different putative pathogens and their compositions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Principal findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant variations in microbiota composition were found between stray and pet dogs, and putative prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens were identified. The most prevalent putative bacterial pathogens were\n                      <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The most prevalent putative eukaryotic pathogens were\n                      <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Pentatrichomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Cystoisospora<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Interestingly,\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Giardia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Pentatrichomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      were found to be significantly more prevalent in stray dogs than in pet dogs. The variation in the prevalence of potential pathogens in dog feces could be attributed to environmental factors, including dietary variances and interactions with wildlife, particularly in stray dogs. These factors likely contributed to the observed differences in pathogen occurrence between stray and pet dogs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/Significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study offers valuable insights into the zoonotic risks associated with dog populations residing in diverse environments. By identifying and characterizing putative pathogens in dog feces, this research provides essential information on the impact of habitat on dog-associated pathogens, highlighting the importance of public health planning and zoonotic risk management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T13:32:22Z","timestamp":1724851942000},"page":"e0012441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Metabarcoding study of potential pathogens and zoonotic risks associated with dog feces in Seoul, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Isuru","family":"Liyanagama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2757-9529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Singeun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-hee","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myungjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohyeon","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongjun","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Lim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Gloria","family":"Ojeda Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Odua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai-Soon","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2456-6298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pntd.0012441.ref001","author":"Zoonoses","journal-title":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"pntd.0012441.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2016.03.001","article-title":"Human\u2013livestock contacts and their relationship to transmission of zoonotic pathogens, a systematic review of literature.","volume":"2","author":"G Klous","year":"2016","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"1411","key":"pntd.0012441.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0888","article-title":"Risk factors for human disease emergence","volume":"356","author":"LH Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7181","key":"pntd.0012441.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06536","article-title":"Global trends in emerging infectious diseases","volume":"451","author":"KE Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Spec Iss 4","key":"pntd.0012441.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"J. 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